Primary Sources: Speech Before Her Troops/Examination of Don

What does the first paragraph of Queen Elizabeth’s speech indicate about the relationship between royalty and the common people during the 1500s in England?

• It suggests the possibility of betrayal and emphasizes Elizabeth’s trust in her country’s citizens.

• It focuses on the importance of guarding one’s self from impending betrayal of the country’s citizens.

• It emphasizes the differences between the responsibilities of the lower classes and royalty.

• It expresses the solidarity of the lower classes in betraying the British royal family.

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Read the following passage from Queen Elizabeth’s speech. What does it indicate about her as a ruler?

I am come amongst you at this time . . . being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live or die amongst you all; to lay down, for my God, and for my kingdom, and for my people, my honor and my blood, even the dust.

• She was cowardly and inconsiderate.

• She considered herself better than the people.

• She was a bloodthirsty ruler.

• She was a brave and dedicated ruler.

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Read the following passage. What does it imply about the current beliefs about English kings?

I know I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart of a king, and of a king of England, too. . . .

• They were seen as cruel and unreasonable.

• They were considered brave and strong.

• They were not as strong as other kings.

• They were less capable than queens.

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What do Queen Elizabeth’s words my realm, my kingdom, and my people imply about her view of her role as Queen?

• They show her lack of belief in her country.

• They indicate her nationalism.

• They exhibit her sense of ownership.

• They explain her fear and rage.

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What historical event inspired Queen Elizabeth to give this speech?

• the Spanish invasion of England

• the defeat of the Spanish Armada

• the retreat of English troops

• the English victory over Spain

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The Examination of Don Luis de Córdoba provides

• a firsthand account of a Spanish defeat.

• a reaction to Elizabeth’s speech.

• an outline of Spanish war tactics.

• a bitter look at England’s victory.

What does the reader learn about naval warfare at the time from the Examination of Don Luis de Córdoba?

• They relied heavily on the weather to provide energy to sail.

• They fought mainly with fire and cannon balls.

• They were helpless when they sailed alone.

• The Spanish Armada was more skilled than the English.

What does the reader learn about the current approaches to war from these two primary sources?

• War was brutal and motivated by a sense of national pride.

• War was less about patriotism and more about landownership.

• War was avoided at all costs by the royalty and the citizens.

• War was considered useless and looked upon as an act against God.

Besides showing the opposing sides of a war, how do the perspectives of these two primary sources differ?

• The Examination is extremely biased, whereas Elizabeth’s speech is descriptive.

• Elizabeth’s speech is persuasive, whereas the Examination is informative.

• Elizabeth’s speech requires knowledge of geography, but the Examination doesn’t.

• The Examination provides fewer historical facts than Elizabeth’s speech does.

What do the authors of these primary sources have in common?

• Both authors addressed a common audience.

• They both react to a common defeat.

• Both authors held positions of power.

• They were both trained naval commanders.