EOC Review MOLECULAR GENETICS

In humans blood type is determined by the A, B, and O alleles. The A and B alleles are codominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotype and an individual with the BO genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes?

• O only

• A or B only

• A, B, or O only

• A, B, AB, or O

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

• Making energy available for cellular activities

• Creating bonds to form biomolecules

• Producing sugars that assist with replication

• Providing information to form proteins

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

• Egg cell and liver cell

• Sperm cell and egg cell

• Nerve cell and brain cell

• Sperm cell and lung cell

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown.

3’ TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5’

Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

• Arginine -Leucine -Proline -Asparagine -Lysine -Arginine

• Tryptophan -Phenylalanine -Leucine -Glycine -Asparagine -Phenylalanine

• Serine -Leucine -Proline -Asparagine -Lysine -Arginine

• Tryptophan -Phenylalanine -Leucine -Glycine -Asparagine -Serine

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

• Mitosis

• G1 phase

• G2 phase

• S phase

In the early 1900s, Thomas Hunt Morgan was among the first scientists to contribute to the chromosome theory of heredity. Morgan’s investigations into heredity in fruit flies led him to propose that the event represented in the diagram sometimes occurs.

Which statement about the event represented in the diagram is valid?

• The event represents RNA translation in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

• The event takes place in bacterial cells.

• The event produces genetically identical daughter cells.

• The event provides genetic diversity in eukaryotic cells.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

• The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.

• The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

• The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

• The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

What do the two arrows represent?

• Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

• Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

• Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

• Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells.

Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Duplication

• Substitution

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Eight components present in nucleic acids are listed in the box.

Which components bond with adenine in a section of double-stranded DNA?

• 1, 3, 5, and 6 only

• 3 and 5 only

• 2 and 4 only

• 3, 4, 7, and 8 only