Unit 4 Review

Land breezes near bodies of water occur because

• water cools off much faster than land.

• land cools off much faster than water.

• water heats up much faster than land.

• land and water heat up at the same rate.

An ocean allows a hurricane to grow by supplying it with

• salt from hot waters.

• oxygen from cool waters.

• snow from freezing waters.

• water vapor from warm waters.

Earth has hot, dry regions and cool, wet regions. How does convection contribute to the distribution of heat and moisture across Earth?

• Convection allows the transfer of energy directly from the sun to Earth's surface.

• Convection distributes energy as heat throughout Earth's solid crust, warming the entire planet.

• Convection causes air masses carrying water and energy as heat to rise and fall, all over Earth

• Convection causes the water vapor in the atmosphere to absorb the energy from cooler air masses all over Earth.

Which of the following is one of the reasons a sea breeze occurs during the day?

• The land cools faster than the water.

• The land cools slower than the water.

• The land warms faster than the water.

• The land warms slower than the water.

What produces areas of different pressures, where air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure, creating wind?

• the uneven heating of Earth by the Sun's energy

• the even heating of Earth by the Sun's energy

• the rotating of Earth as it orbits the Sun

• the tilt of Earth on its axis as it orbits the Sun

Sean and his family are listening to the weather report. The local meteorologist states: "There is a large patch of cool, dry air coming down from the north, and that is going to collide with warm, moist air coming from the south. We expect to see a lot of wind shear when these two air masses collide." Should Sean and his family be concerned about a tornado forming? Why or why not?

• Yes, because the cool, dry air will rapidly rise when it meets the warm, moist air and create a vertical vortex that may lead to a supercell thunderstorm and a tornado.

• No, because tornadoes only form out of thunderstorms that are created when two masses of warm air collide.

• Yes, because strong wind shear will create a horizontal vortex and the warm, moist air will create an updraft that may lead to a supercell thunderstorm and a tornado.

• No, because tornadoes cannot form out of thunderstorms that are created in the presence of any wind shear.

What is a large body of air that is horizontally uniform in characteristics such as temperature and humidity?

• an air mass

• a hurricane

• a tornado

• a weather front

In coastal regions wind patterns are most likely to shift direction and move inland from the sea during which seasonal transition?

• summer to autumn

• autumn to winter

• winter to spring

• spring to summer

A cold, dry air mass collides with a warm, humid air mass over flat land. The warm air is forced upward, causing a powerful updraft. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, creating a powerful downdraft. What type of weather event is forming?

• a flood

• a tsunami

• a hurricane

• a thunderstorm

The Sun emits particles of energy that heat Earth's atmosphere. What is the name of this phenomenon?

• diffusion

• radiation

• refraction

• reflection