Quiz Chapter 23

Which of the following statements concerning severe allergic reactions is true?

• A severe allergic reaction occurs only when the patient has never been exposed to the substance before.

• Severe reactions often occur immediately, but they are occasionally delayed 30 minutes or more.

• A severe allergic reaction can be prevented by the use of an epinephrine auto-injector before exposure to the substance.

• Allergies do not develop until a person is in his late teens to early 20s.

You are called to a farmhouse on a sunny spring afternoon. Upon arrival, a frantic mother tells you that her 3-year-old daughter was playing in the yard, accidentally stepped on a hornets' nest, and was stung repeatedly. The patient is alert, screaming and crying, and can follow her mother's commands. Her arms and legs are swollen and show the marks of several stings. Her body is covered in hives. Her vital signs are blood pressure 90/40, pulse 110, respiratory rate 24, and oxygen saturation 99 percent. Her lung sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Her mother states she put "nox-a-sting" on the bites but the bites only seemed to get worse. What condition is the patient suffering from?

• Anaphylactic reaction from the "nox-a-sting" swabs

• Moderate anaphylactic reaction

• Allergic reaction from the hornets' stings

• Minor anaphylactic reaction

Which of the following happens to blood vessels during an anaphylactic reaction?

• Spasm

• Constriction

• No Change

• Dilation

Which of the following is the reason why infants rarely experience anaphylactic reactions?

• Allergens do not affect infants.

• Infants have not yet developed antibodies to allergens.

• Infants have received natural immunity to allergens from their mothers before birth.

• None of the above

Which of the following does a physician not take into consideration when writing a prescription for a patient to obtain an epinephrine auto-injector?

• How far the patient lives from medical attention

• Patient's medical history

• Patient's known allergies

• Severity of previous allergic reactions

Which of the following is not an indication that epinephrine is helping the anaphylaxis patient's condition?

• Increased blood pressure

• Increased heart rate

• Increased dyspnea

• Both heart rate and dyspnea

Which of the following is not a side effect of epinephrine?

• Vomiting

• Bradycardia

• Pallor

• Chest pain

Which of the following is the proper method of disposing of a used epinephrine auto-injector?

• Leave it at the scene for the patient or his family to dispose of.

• Bend the needle at an angle to prevent accidental punctures and place it in the trash.

• Place the device in a rigid biohazardous sharps disposal container.

• Take it to the hospital for disposal in the emergency department.

When documenting the administration of an epinephrine auto-injector, which of the following should be included?

• Site of medication administration

• Time the medication was administered

• Patient's response to the medication

• All of the above

You are on the scene of a 40-year-old male patient who is anaphylactic and still unresponsive following a single epinephrine injection. Prior to giving the injection, you inserted an oral airway and administered oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask and your partner found diminished lung sounds. Following the epinephrine administration, your partner reassesses lung sounds and tells you that the patient is now wheezing loudly in all fields. What is the next action you should perform?

• Discontinue bagging the patient.

• Hyperventilate the patient.

• Place the patient on a nonrebreather mask.

• Contact medical control and request to administer another dose of epinephrine.