Text Structures

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Wood Thrush: baby birds

Male and female wood thrushes build their nests in late spring. The eggs take about 13 days to hatch. After the babies emerge from the eggs, both parents help to feed them. The parents take care of the young birds for about a month. Then the little fledglings are ready for life on their own.

• Problem & Solution

• Cause and Effect

• Chronological

• Description

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Sports at Ericson

There are two popular sports played at Ericson, basketball and volleyball. Both take place inside of the gym at Ericson. Also, each sport has two teams of people. In basketball, however, the ball can be played off of the floor, and in volleyball, the ball cannot touch the floor or it is out of play. Basketball and volleyball are popular sports at Ericson.

• Cause & Effect

• Compare & Contrast

• Descriptive

• Chronological-Sequence-Order

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Volcano

Have you ever thought about what makes a volcano erupt or what happens afterward? When the temperature rises deep under the Earth’s crust, it becomes hot enough to melt rock and turn it into magma. Sometimes this melted rock blasts through the Earth’s surface, which causes rock, ash, and deadly gases to fly into the air. The lava that flows out of the volcano can knock down trees and destroy houses and even whole towns. Although volcanoes can cause lots of destruction, the volcano’s eruption also creates new land. Many times this new land forms an island in the ocean. You might even live on land created by a volcano!

• Chronological-Sequence-Order

• Problem & Solution

• Cause & Effect

• Compare & Contrast

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Fast Food — Good or Bad?

Fast food gets bad press these days, especially since it often contains too much fat, sodium and calories, but it brings much needed convenience to our stressful busy world. Fast food is easily found and varied. At any mall, for example, customers have many choices at the food court. To avoid too much fat or salt, they can choose healthier options: salads, turkey sandwiches and so on. On a busy Saturday, with two hungry kids, a mother out shopping is happy to find exactly the right food to eat. Not only that, but the food will be ready quickly, thus reducing the stress on her from demanding children. Fast food is also inexpensive; most menu items offer a full meal for under ten dollars. It is easy to see why fast food is so popular these days—it is convenient and reduces our stress.

• Problem & Solution

• Cause & Effect

• Description

• Chronological-Sequence-Order

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Icebergs

Icebergs—giant blocks of ice that float in the sea—come in many shapes, sizes, and colors. Some are deep blue or green. Some look like floating sculptures. Old icebergs that have been worn down by the weather sometimes look like pillars of ice. Usually, only about one-fifth of an iceberg appears above the surface of the water. The other four-fifths of the “berg” is hidden underwater, out of sight. Sometimes, an iceberg has what is called a “foot,” an extension completely underwater. These are especially dangerous for ships. It was an iceberg “foot” that sank the Titanic in 1912, killing 1,503 people.

• Problem & Solution

• Compare & Contrast

• Cause & Effect

• Description

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Which of the SIGNAL WORDS used in the text let you know that the structure is Cause & Effect?

Millions of people attend the Olympic Games or watch them on television. Because of the Olympics, people can escape the ordinariness of daily life. They identify with someone else’s individual sacrifice and accomplishment. Consequently, the Olympics impact national pride as an athlete’s or a team’s hard-earned victory becomes a nation’s victory. For this reason, there are national medal counts and people keep track of how many medals their country’s athletes have won.

• Identify, sacrifice, accomplishment

• Millions, counts, how many

• Olympic Games, Olympics, victory

• Because, Consequently, For this reason

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WHICH SIGNAL WORD LETS YOU KNOW THE TEXT STRUCTURE IS COMPARE & CONTRAST?

• Similar

• Due to

• Specifically

• Finally

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WHICH SIGNAL WORDS LETS YOU KNOW THE TEXT STRUCTURE IS DESCRIPTION?

• Next

• Problem

• So

• For Instance

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WHICH SIGNAL WORD LETS YOU KNOW THE TEXT STRUCTURE IS CAUSE AND EFFECT?

• Before

• Different

• As a result of

• Solve

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WHICH SIGNAL WORD LETS YOU KNOW THE TEXT STRUCTURE IS CHRONOLOGICAL-SEQUENCE-ORDER?

• In addition

• Unlike

• Since

• Last

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