AP Bio Natural Selection

Charles Darwin was the first person to propose

• a mechanism for how evolution occurs.

• that evolution occurs.

• a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.

• that Earth is older than a few thousand years.

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Natural selection is based on all of the following except

• the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.

• genetic variation exists within populations.

• individuals adapt to their environments and thereby evolve.

• individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young.

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Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection?

1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals.

2. A change occurs in the environment.

3. Genetic frequencies within the population change.

4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship.

• 4 → 2 → 1 → 3

• 2 → 4 → 1 → 3

• 4 → 2 → 3 → 1

• 4 → 1 → 2 → 3

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Artificial selection is

• past extinction

• human-directed selective breeding

• slower than natural selection

• patterns of evolution

Darwin's observation of the Galápagos Islands finches' various beaks and behaviors could be explained by

• adaptation forged by natural selection

• adaptations to the specific foods available on their mainland

• inherited traits that did not survive

• modification with descent

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Analogous features share ________ function but not ________ ancestry

• common; similar

• similar; similar

• common; common

• similar; common

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Two plant species live in the same biome but on different continents. Although the two species are not at all closely related, they may appear quite similar as a result of

• convergent evolution

• allopatric speciation

• gene flow

• parallel evolution

If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect that

• they shared a common ancestor relatively recently

• they live in very different habitats.

• their chromosomes should be very similar.

• they should share fewer homologous structures than two more closely related organisms

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Members of two different species possess similar-looking structures that they use in a similar fashion to perform the same function. Which of the following statements describes these structures originating from convergent evolution?

• Both species have structures that are not adapted to their particular environments.

• The two species live at great distance from each other and have structures for flying

• The functions of the structures in adult members of both species are not similar

• These structures share function but do not share a common ancestry

What environment stimulates evolution of drug-resistant pathogens?

• excess antibiotics

• presence of an enzyme called penicillinase

• pathogens without cell walls

• colonization of host

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