Mid Year review

How did innovations such as irrigation, aqueducts, and improved farm transform civilization?

• Innovations made it possible to expand settlements at arid locations.

• Innovations increased the numbers of hunters and gatherers.

• Innovations required smaller herds and less livestock.

• Innovations decreased the size of cities.

Hammurabi was the king of Babylon from 1792 BCE to 1750 BCE. Hammurabi wrote The Code of Hammurabi, the oldest set laws known to exist, which was made up of 282 laws. The code was carved in stone for all to see and read

Facts about The Code of Hammurabi

* This was the first written code- people could see it. This increased people's ability to read.

* The code treated women fairly.

*The harsh punishment made civilization safer.

*The code reinforced class structure-punishments were different for the different classes.

Based on the above information, how did Hammurabi help to transform society?

• His laws got rid of the existing class system.

• He required that every class be punished equally.

• He continued the practice of treating women differently from men.

• His laws were written to include women.

Kings wanted to control decision making in their governments. How did this desire affect the structures of governments?

• Governments became constitutional monarchies when the king or queen shared the power with a legislative council.

• Governments became hereditary monarchies when kings and queens transferred power to their children.

• Governments became absolute monarchies when the king or queen held all power in their hands.

• Governments became elected monarchies when kings or queens were elected by the people.

Accounts of the Routes of the Jewish Merchants to the East, 847: These merchants . . . journey from west to east, from east to west, partly on land, partly by sea. . . . On their return they carry back musk, aloes, camphor, cinnamon, and other products of the Eastern countries . . . where they again embark on the Western Sea. Book of Ways by Ibn Khordadhbeh, 847, translated by Joseph Jacobs, 1919

How did the Jewish merchants’ trade routes affect people living in Asia and Europe?

• People began to move away from the routes used by the foreign traders.

• People were able to buy and trade goods with people from other regions.

• People needed to build ships to participate in the trade.

• People learned to avoid speaking foreign languages.

How did innovations that develop over time- such as writing, trade routes, schools,and the printing press-affect societies?

• They increased the spreading of ideas.

• They reduced the construction of buildings.

• They limited contact between peoples.

• They lowered literacy rates.

Based on the map, which best describes how the physical features of Egypt affected its development?

• The Mediterranean Sea bordered the major cities.

• Large cities were created in the Western Desert.

• Many large cities developed along the Nile River.

• The Red Sea provided Lower Egypt with barrier from attacks.

Before 8000 B.C.E, humans found food by hunting animals. They also gathered nuts and fruits. What practice later replaced hunting and gathering for finding food? 

• building fires
• raising families 
• growing crops
• owning stores 

Societies adapted to their surroundings by irrigating and building dams. Why did they need to use these techniques? 

• to decrease the overcrowding of crops
• to increase space for people to live 
• to increase their farmland for growing crops
• to decrease the number of animals on the land

Why did trading networks like the Silk Road develop?

• Certain resources were not available in all areas 
• The trails were used for communication between groups
• People wanted to take land and to keep control of that land 
• Travelers enjoyed exploring nearby lands after trading for spices 

Exploration and conquests occurred in the middle ages. How did they affect relations between ancient societies? 

• They caused long-lasting peace with the help of religion
• They caused empires to close off access between their societies
• They caused outbreaks of violence that closed off trade routes
• They caused trade routes and communication to open up between societies