They are the _ constraints under which the language is produced

•It is easier for speakers to improvise

• if they use less complex syntax

• producing individual utterances (ellipsis)

• to gain time to speak

• •to produce their message if they use fixed conventional phrases

It is easier for speakers to produce their message

• in producing individual utterances (ellipsis)

• if they use less complex syntax.

• if they use fixed conventional phrases

• to avoid unnecessary effort in producing individual utterances (ellipsis)

People take short cuts

• to avoid unnecessary effort in producing individual utterances (ellipsis)

• to gain time to speak

• if they use less complex syntax.

• if they use fixed conventional phrases

They will use devices

• if they use less complex syntax.

• to gain time to speak

• to avoid unnecessary effort in producing individual utterances (ellipsis)

• if they use fixed conventional phrases

Identify two examples of devices to simplify structure

• and

• Who?

• but

• well

Identify two fillers or hesitation devices

• well

• you see

• it's very nice to meet you

• or

Identify two formulaic expressions

• On Saturday

• Why me?

• I don't believe a word of it

• You're welcome

Identify two examples of ellipsis

• you see

• does what

• it's very nice to meet you

• who?

They are instances when a speaker begins to say something, hesitates and then resumes saying the same thing

• Repetition

• Corrections

• Rephrasing

• False starts