unit 6 test apes

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using hydrogen fuel cells?

• Hydrogen gas is not readily available on Earth.

• The products of the reactions in hydrogen fuel cells damage the environment.

• Hydrogen fuel cells are much less efficient in powering vehicles than internal combustion engines are.

• Hydrogen fuel cells need to be very large to generate electricity.

Which of the following best explains energy transformation in hydrogen fuel cells?

• Methane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon and hydrogen atoms, which releases energy.

• Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water, which releases energy.

• In the presence of sunlight, carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce sugar and oxygen, requiring energy.

• Hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water, requiring energy.

A hydrogen fuel cell–powered car driving on a highway is different from gasoline-powered cars because hydrogen fuel cell–powered cars only emit

• carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas

• carbon dioxide and heat

• water vapor and hydrogen gas

• water vapor and heat

Which of the following is required to convert geothermal energy into electricity?

• Wind

• Groundwater

• Fossil fuel

• Sunlight

Which of the following is an environmental benefit associated with substituting ethanol for gasoline?

• Ethanol is more energy efficient than gasoline.

• Ethanol has a lower cost than gasoline

• Burning ethanol produces fewer air pollutants than burning gasoline alone.

• Burning ethanol removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Which of the following identifies the air pollutants most commonly released during the burning of biomass?

• Lead , carbon monoxide , and nitric acid

• Particulate matter , ozone , and carbon monoxide

• Carbon dioxide, particulate matter , and carbon monoxide

• Polychlorinated biphenyls , carbon dioxide , and chlorofluorocarbons

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between biomass-fired power plants and traditional fossil-fuel-burning power plants, such as coal-fired plants?

• The production of biomass does not release carbon dioxide but burning fossil fuels does.

• The operational costs of biomass plants are very high when compared with traditional fossil fuel plants.

• Biomass plants produce higher levels of mercury emissions than fossil fuel plants.

• Biomass as a fuel source is not widely available all over the world while fossil fuels are abundant around the world.

Wind energy is increasingly relied upon to help meet global energy needs. Wind energy can be used to generate electricity using wind turbines.

• Converters

• Generators

• Batteries

• Rotor blades

Wind energy is increasingly relied upon to help meet global energy needs. Wind energy can be used to generate electricity using wind turbines.

Which of the following correctly identifies the sequence of energy conversions that occur in a wind turbine?

• Mechanical energy →

  → kinetic energy →

  → electrical energy

• Potential energy →

  → mechanical energy →

  → kinetic energy

• Kinetic energy →

  → mechanical energy →

  → electrical energy

• Potential energy →

  → electrical energy →

  → mechanical energy

Wind energy is increasingly relied upon to help meet global energy needs. Wind energy can be used to generate electricity using wind turbines.

Which of the following best describes electricity generation using wind turbines?

• Newer wind turbines can generate consistent electricity even when there is no wind.

• Wind turbines can be constructed on either vertical or horizontal axes.

• Wind turbines are rarely used offshore because they tend to float in rough seas.

• Wind turbines can be used by individual homeowners but have limited effectiveness when connected to the electrical grid.