Midterm Review

Adolescence is generally viewed as beginning with the

• a. first signs of pubertal changes.

• a. transition from elementary to high school.

• a. thirteenth birthday.

• a. attainment of an integrated identity.

Helen is 10 years old. According to the modern conception of adolescence, Helen would be considered

• child

• early adolescent

• young person.

• emerging adult

Which statement best characterizes the main difference between adolescence and emerging adulthood?

• a. Adolescents are more independent of their families.

• a. Emerging adults are prone to flights of fancy.

• Adolescents are more likely to be in long-term relationships

• a. Emerging adults are more independent of their parents.

According to anthropological research, in most traditional, non-Western cultures, a person attains adult status with

• employment

• a. the completion of post-secondary education.

• marriage

• completion of military service.

The physical and biological changes of puberty result from changes that occur in the

• endocrine system

• lymphatic system

• nervous system

• thyroid gland

The two classes of sex hormones are

• estrogens and estradiols

• androgens and testosterones

• gonadotropins and androgens

• estrogens and androgens

In terms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what statement does NOT belong?

• a. distinct stages

• a. formal operations

• a. continuous change

• a. maturation

According to the text, Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is defined as

• a. the gap between what children and adolescents can accomplish alone and what they are capable of doing if guided by a more competent peer.

• a. the tendency to assume that accidents, diseases, and other misfortunes are more likely to happen to others than ourselves.

• a. the cognitive process that occurs when a scheme is changed to adapt new information or assimilate prior knowledge.

• an aspect of short-term memory that refers to where information may be influenced by heuristic thinking

The three outcomes central to the process of socialization are

• self-regulation

• role preparation

• preconventional

• sources of meaning

In a culture characterized by narrow socialization, what traits are highly prized?

• a. obedience and conformity

• a. individualism and choice

• a. intimacy and fidelity

• a. complexity and tradition