2.09 Protein Synthesis Quiz

The diagram to the right represents the expression of the genetic code in organisms. Three parts of the diagram are labeled X, Y, and Z. What do X, Y, and Z represent in the diagram?

• X is replication, Y is a gene, and Z is mutation

• X is crossing over, Y is DNA, and Z is mitosis.

• X is transcription, Y is mRNA, and Z is translation

• X is meiosis, Y is a chromosome, and Z is transport.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Cnidaria are predominantly marine species with cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey. This taxon includes coral, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Which of these cnidaria are mostly closely related?

• Cnidaria of the same genus

• Cnidaria of the same group

• Cnidaria of the same class

• Cnidaria of the same order

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-3

Monosaccharides and amino acids are both monomers. These monomers are formed by hydrolysis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of monosaccharides and amino acids?

• Only amino acids contain cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine.

• Only amino acids join together with peptide bonds to form proteins.

• Only monosaccharides contain carbon and hydrogen.

• Only monosaccharides can be joined together to form larger molecules.

Below is a small section of a DNA molecule. Which of the choices below represents the complementary (meaning DNA not RNA) section that would be made?

A T T C G G G A T A T T

• TAAGCCCTATAA

• AUUGCCCAUAUU

• ATTCGGGATATT

• UAAGCCCUAUAA

Which of the following best explains how mutations can be beneficial to a species?

• Mutations always lead to organisms being better adapted to their environments.

• Mutations gained during an individual’s lifetime are passed on to its offspring.

• Mutations are a source of variation in species, making the species more likely to survive in a changing environment.

• Mutations that are harmful are never passed down from parents to offspring.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

A mutation that occurs in a somatic cell in an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?

• The siblings of the organism

• The offspring of the organism

• All of the cells of that organism

• Cells in that organism that come from the cell with the mutation

A model of an important cellular process is shown to the right. Which of the following correctly identifies the process shown and its purpose?

• process: transcription, purpose: passing genetic information on to future generations

• process: translation, purpose: creating a protein based on an mRNA code

• process: gene expression, purpose: transcribing information in the DNA sequence

• process: catalysis, purpose: producing new amino acids for the cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The diagram to the right shows a gene for a human hormone being inserted into a bacterial cell through genetic engineering. This allows these bacteria cells to produce the human protein coded for by the gene.

Which of the following best explains what allows bacteria to express genes from other organisms?

• All organisms use the same genetic code and gene expression processes.

• Human proteins are inserted into the bacteria as well to carry out protein synthesis.

• Bacteria and humans have almost identical DNA sequences.

• The bacteria can be trained to produce a variety of proteins.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which protein sequence is coded for by the DNA sequence below?

TAC-AGA-CTA-ACC-ATG

• tyr-arg-asp-trp-tyr

• met-arg-asp-trp-tyr

• tyr-arg-leu-thr-met

• met-ser-asp-trp-tyr

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A segment of a DNA sequence is shown below:

ATC-AGG-CTG-AGC-ATG...

A mutation causes a change in this sequence as shown below:

ATC-AGG-CTC-GAG-CAT...

• nonsense

• insertion

• deletion

• substitution

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2