1970s

Trust in the effectiveness of the United States government declined in the 1970s most directly in response to the

• increased power of the women’s rights movement

• revelation of political scandals in the executive branch

• expansion of nuclear weapon arsenals

• passage of civil rights reforms

The presidency of Jimmy Carter (1977–1981) was plagued by which of the following foreign policy issues?

• The taking of American hostages in Iran

• The Cuban missile crisis

• The bombing of the United States embassy in Lebanon

• The invasion of Grenada

Which of the following best illustrates the conservative backlash of the late 1960s and early 1970s?

• Establishment of the Congressional Black Caucus

• Passage of a new Clean Air Act

• The founding of Vietnam Veterans Against the War

• The presidential elections of 1968 and 1972

The decade of the 1970s was marked by all of the following economic conditions in the United States EXCEPT

• rising oil prices for businesses and consumers

• simultaneous inflation and recession, known as stagflation

• increased competition from Western Europe and Japan

• increased labor union membership among autoworkers

Which of the following led a campaign to block ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment?

• Gloria Steinem

• Phyllis Schlafly

• Betty Friedan

• Marabel Morgan

The high inflation rates of the late 1960s and early 1970s were due in part to

• major state and federal tax increases

• increased investment in major industries

• spending on social-welfare programs and the Vietnam War

• a decline in foreign trade

Richard Nixon’s diplomatic overtures to the People’s Republic of China were motivated in part by his belief that China

• was ready to embrace a capitalist economy and democratic government

• was a more legitimate representative of the Chinese people than was Taiwan

• had become an important global power that could not be ignored

• might form an alliance with South Korea and Japan against the United States

All of the following were important to Richard M. Nixon’s victory in the 1968 presidential election EXCEPT

• strong support from African Americans

• backlash from White conservatives

• voter reaction to the 1968 Democratic convention

• his promise to restore law and order

Upon becoming president, Gerald Ford announced, “Our long national nightmare is over.” He was referring to

• a serious economic downturn

• Watergate

• the collapse of the United States–backed government of South Vietnam

• -a series of urban riots

The growth of activism by religious conservatives in the second half of the twentieth century occurred most directly in response to the

• challenging of social norms by youth movements

• enactment of New Deal policies meant to address poverty

• discovery of environmental damage caused by industrial production

• expansion of the military budget as a result of intervention in Vietnam