Unit 7

Which scientist applied reason and rationality to devise his laws of motion?

• Robert Boyle

• Isaac Newton

• Nicolas Copernicus

• Galileo Galilei

Which religion is this?

Monotheistic

Taught by gurus

Wear the 5 Ks (Five Articles of Faith)

Founded in India

• Christianity

• Islam

• Hinduism

• Sikhism

Which sixteenth century Italian literary work is still studied today for its insights on political power?

• The Prince

• The Canterbury Tales

• Julius Caesar

• The Praise of Folly

Which factor contributed most to the development of the Renaissance in Italy?

• City-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.

• Nobles in Italy had been military leaders in the Crusades.

• The Catholic Church provided political stability to the region.

• The region had become politically unified under one Italian king.

As a result of the Renaissance, many European political powers were able to —

• build an alliance against the Ottomans

• take control of trade in the Indian Ocean

• establish large overseas colonial empires

• eliminate the power of the Catholic Church

The Crusades helped to contribute to the beginning of the European Renaissance by —

• introducing the Europeans to Islamic art

• destroying the libraries of Muslim scholars

• facilitating the revival of trade with the East

• inciting a rebellion against the Catholic Church

Which description best reflects the relationship between religion and the secular world during the Renaissance?

• Protestant emphasis on the individual’s personal relationship with God was reflected in the size of new churches being built

• Renewed interest in the Classical Greek and Roman texts led to closer ties between the Catholic Church and secular institutions

• The relationship between politics and religion became strained, and the political influence of the Catholic Church weakened.

• Humanist writers and philosophers whose ideas fostered individual expression and intellectual freedom supported the Catholic Church.

The most immediate cause of the Reformation included —

• Erasmus’ publishing of The Praise of Folly

• Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-five Theses

• John Calvin’s establishment of a theocracy in Geneva

• Henry VIII’s plea to Pope Clement VII for an annulment

How did the Catholic Church respond to the religious changes brought about by the Reformation?

• It allowed Catholic priests to marry.

• It launched a Counter-Reformation.

• It replaced the Pope with a new leader.

• It issued an English translation of the Bible.

How did the Reformation change the political composition of Europe?

• The Pope became the political advisor to many European monarchs.

• Eastern Europe became vulnerable to the advances of the Ottomans.

• Monarchies were overthrown and Protestant theocracies were created.

• Nobles aligned with either Catholic or Protestant traditions and went to war.