Thermal Energy Chapter 3 Study Guide

Geothermal power plants send water through pipes deep underground where it is hot. This causes the temperature of the water to increase.

What happens to the molecules of the water when the temperature of the water increases?

• The energy of the water molecules decreases.

• The energy of the water molecules increases.

• More heat molecules combine with the water molecules.

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Claude is in the kitchen cooking and is going to stack one pan on top of another pan. The two pans are the same size and have the same number of molecules. The diagram above shows the pans now, before they touch each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question.

How does the temperature of the top pan compare with the temperature of the bottom pan now, and what will happen after the pans have been touching for a while?

• Before the pans touch, the bottom pan is hotter than the top pan. Once the pans are touching, the bottom pan will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler top pan until both pans reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the pans touch, the bottom pan is hotter than the top pan. Once the pans are touching, the cooler top pan will gain kinetic energy until the molecules in both pans have an energy of 70, because hotter things increase the temperature of cooler things.

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For things at the same temperature, the thing with more _______________ has more total kinetic energy than the thing with fewer ____________.

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When a thing loses or gains energy, the __________ gained or lost is divided among all of the molecules of the thing.

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Energy isn't created or destroyed. Therefore, as energy transfers, it ____________ in one part of the system as it decreases in another part of the system. The total energy of a system doesn't change.

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The state where the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a system is the total kinetic energy evenly divided by the number of molecules is called _____________.

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Maja puts a hockey puck onto ice. After a while the temperature of the hockey puck decreases. What happens to the molecules of the hockey puck when the temperature of the puck decreases?

• The energy of the molecules in the hockey puck decreases.

• The energy of the molecules in the hockey puck increases.

• The cold energy of the molecules in the hockey puck increases.

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A worker is getting ready to install solar panels on a roof. She will start by placing the solar panels in two stacks. The diagram above shows the solar panels before they touch each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question.

After a while, which of the two top solar panels will be cooler, and why?

• The larger top panel will be cooler than the smaller top panel, because the energy that transferred to it was spread out over more molecules.

• The larger top panel will be cooler than the smaller top panel. It started with more total energy, so less energy had to transfer for both panels in the stack to reach the same total energy.

• Both panels will be the same temperature, because both of the bottom panels had the same amount of energy to transfer and the molecules in the top panels start with the same energy.

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If the top and bottom solar panels touch and reach equilibrium in stack 1, how much kinetic energy will be in each molecule? (Answer with the number)

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How many total molecules are in both the top and bottom solar panels of Stack 2? Answer as a number.