AP Psychology Unit 5 Quiz 1

The cerebellum is most directly involved in

• forming emotional memories

• forming explicit and spatial memories

• judgment, higher-order cognition, and personality

• sensory processing and relaying

• motor learning

When studying for a vocabulary test, Catherine read one of her vocabulary words and its definition aloud several times. About twenty seconds later, she still remembered the word’s meaning, but then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. The next day, she tested herself on the same vocabulary word at the same time, in the same mood, and in the same location as when she had first studied the word, but she could not remember its definition. It is most likely that Catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage which of the following memory functions?

• Sensory memory, because Catherine did not pair the word with one of her senses to remember it the next day.

• Long-term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore, the word did not become a part of her long-term memory.

• Retrieval, because though Catherine probably stored the memory, it was difficult for her to retrieve it.

• State-dependent memory, because Catherine was too anxious to perform well.

• Context-dependent memory, because Catherine did not study the word in a variety of locations.

After Doug witnessed two cars involved in a car accident, a police officer asked Doug how fast the cars were going when the accident happened. According to research by Elizabeth Loftus, which of the following questions could the officer ask that would make Doug most susceptible to the misinformation effect?

• How fast were the cars going when the accident occurred?

• How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?

• What can you tell me about what you saw?

• What did the cars look like?

• Were there other people around who witnessed the accident?

When Gustavo goes through lists of inventory items and thinks about whether each one is a fruit or not, he remembers more of the items on those lists later than when he goes through lists of inventory items and does not think about what each item is. Which of the following concepts best explains Gustavo’s performance?

• Sensory memory, because he is activating information about his sensory experiences of fruit.

• The spacing effect, because he is going through the list multiple times.

• Elaborative encoding, because engaging in deeper processing improves memory.

• Single-trial learning, because he goes through the lists only one time.

• Flashbulb memories, because Gustavo has vivid memories of fruit and that helps him remember.

Mary is introduced to three new people at a party. Later, however, she cannot remember the names of any of her new acquaintances, even though she remembers what she ate, her old friends who were there, and the address of the host. What may account for Mary’s inability to remember these individuals’ names?

• She processed them into long-term memory, and they are no longer accessible from short-term memory.

• There were many activities at the party. She probably exceeded the capacity of her long-term memory.

• She overlearned the names through excessive rehearsal.

• She never encoded the names into long-term memory.

• She experienced a failure of her echoic memory.

In memory experiments on free recall, the recency effect refers specifically to the

• enhanced recall of items at the beginning of a list of words

• enhanced recall of items at the end of a list of words

• enhanced recall of items in the middle of a list of words

• diminished recall of items at the end of a list of words

• diminished recall of items at the beginning of a list of words

Which area of the brain is not well developed until after three years of age, offering a possible explanation for infantile amnesia?

• Hypothalamus

• Cerebellum

• Pons

• Thalamus

• Hippocampus

According to the information-processing view of memory, the first stage in-memory processing involves

• retrieval

• storage

• rehearsal

• encoding

• transfer

On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any line or hooks. Ed's failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of

• poor problem representation

• cognitive accommodation

• backward masking

• functional fixedness

• proactive interference

A person assembling a tool one week after reading the instructions can remember the first and last steps of the procedure but not the middle ones. This best illustrates which of the following?

• Encoding failure

• Social facilitation

• Retrograde amnesia

• Repression

• The serial position effect