E.5.8B.4 Understanding the Universe

A scientist wishes to study objects in outer space. Which option shows the tool he should use?

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In the 16th century, Copernicus challenged Aristotle’s model of the solar system and proposed his own model. Both models are shown.

How does the Aristotle Model differ from the Copernicus Model?

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Figure 1 shows Ptolemy’s model of the solar system, and figure 2 shows Galileo’s model.

Scientists have accepted Galileo’s model over Ptolemy’s. What is the primary reason for this?

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Figure 1 represents a model of the solar system proposed by an early astronomer. Figure 2 shows a model of the solar system proposed many years later.

What advancement did figure 2 bring to the model of the solar system?

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Which statement correctly pairs a scientist with his idea?

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Galileo observed that when Venus is viewed from Earth, it goes through phases similar to the Moon’s phases. How did Galileo’s observations improve the Sun-centered model of the solar system?

• by providing evidence that planets orbit Earth like the Moon orbits Earth.

• by providing evidence that planets orbit the Sun like the Moon orbits the Sun.

• by providing evidence that planets orbit the Moon instead of Earth.

• by providing evidence that planets orbit the Sun instead of Earth.

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Which scientist claimed that Earth was the center of the universe?

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Galileo discovered the moons of Jupiter by looking at the planet through a telescope. How did a telescope make such a discovery possible?

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In the 1600s, Galileo Galilei studied the moons of Jupiter. What did Galileo do to make better observations?

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In order for Galileo to build a telescope, he needed to know about

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