pedigrees

What is this?

• Pedigree

• Karyotype

• Venn diagram

• Punnett Square

Answer explanation

A pedigree is a diagram that shows the genetic relationships among a group of individuals, often used to track inheritance patterns. The other options represent different concepts in genetics and data representation.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How many kids did the mother and father from the first generation have?

• 2

• 4

• 5

• 6

Answer explanation

The mother and father from the first generation had a total of 4 kids, which is the correct answer among the options provided.

In a pedigree, what shape represents a male?

• circle

• square

• triangle

• diamond

Answer explanation

In a pedigree, males are represented by squares, while females are represented by circles. Therefore, the correct answer is square.

How many generations are shown in this pedigree?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Answer explanation

The pedigree shows four distinct generations, which can be identified by the different levels of ancestry depicted. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

What does an open circle represent?

• Not Affected Male

• Not Affected Female

• Affected Male

• Affected Female

Answer explanation

An open circle in a pedigree chart represents a female who is not affected by the condition being studied. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Not Affected Female'.

What does a filled in square represent?

• Not affected Female

• Not affected Male

• Affected Male

• Affected Female

Answer explanation

A filled in square in a pedigree chart indicates an affected male. This means that the individual represented by the square has the condition being studied, distinguishing them from unaffected males, who are not filled in.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

AA and Aa always show up as

• dominant

• recessive

Answer explanation

AA and Aa represent genotypes with at least one dominant allele (A). Since dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, both AA and Aa show up as dominant.

aa always shows up as

• dominant

• recessive

Answer explanation

The genotype 'aa' represents a homozygous recessive condition. Recessive traits only manifest when two recessive alleles are present, hence 'aa' always shows up as recessive.

Is this trait (the shaded individuals) dominant or recessive?

• dominant

• recessive

Answer explanation

The shaded individuals represent a recessive trait, as they appear only when two recessive alleles are present. In contrast, dominant traits would show in individuals with at least one dominant allele.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What type of heredity is shown in the pedigree?

• Sex-Linked Dominant

• Sex-Linked Recessive

• Autosomal Dominant

• Autosomal Recessive

Answer explanation

The pedigree shows that the trait is more common in males and can skip generations, indicating a sex-linked recessive inheritance pattern. Females can be carriers without expressing the trait, which aligns with this choice.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2