Scientific Investigations Review

During the development of a hypothesis, it is important to make sure it meets certain criteria. Choose ALL of the characteristics which would help to describe a good hypothesis?

• testable

• random guess

• a tentative statement

• always found in the form of a question

• ability to be supported or not supported by evidence

Scientists often use controlled experiments to answer questions. Choose ALL correct statements about controlled experiments.

• No changes are made to a test group in an experiment.

• A control group is used for comparison to other groups.

• Only one change can be made per test group in an experiment.

• Changes can only be made to the control group in an experiment.

• A controlled experiment must have a control group and test group(s).

Which statement is true about the role of evidence in scientific investigations?

• Scientists must change their hypothesis if they find any evidence that does not align with their hypotheses.

• Scientists must restart investigations whenever they find evidence that does not support their hypotheses.

• Scientists must analyze all evidence during investigations, whether it supports their hypotheses or not.

• Scientists must only consider evidence that supports their own hypotheses about investigations.

Consider the diagram of the water cycle. Assume that deforestation has taken place. Explain how this affects the movement of water through this model?

• Runoff will decrease.

• Sea level will increase.

• Condensation will increase.

• Transpiration will decrease.

Plants use sunlight, plus carbon dioxide and water to produce food, or glucose (sugar). The by-product of photosynthesis is oxygen, which is added to our atmosphere. During a summer drought, what can we expect to happen to these strawberry plants?

• They will become extinct.

• There will be less sugar produced.

• There will be an excess of oxygen produced.

• The plant will require more carbon dioxide to make sugar.

A student studies the gathering of frogs at the end of a pond, and has made the following notes in her lab book. Which of these is a CONCLUSION?

• The frogs are all of the same appearance.

• There are five times as many frogs at one end of the pond as at the other.

• The shadier end of the pond has fewer frogs than the sunny end does.

• The frogs are attracted to the warmth of the sun.

Precipitation will increase in areas where there is

• higher temperatures and more evaporation.

• lower temperatures and more evaporation.

• lower temperatures and less evaporation.

• less transpiration and less run-off.

Mr. Winters was having a roach problem in his classroom. He bought a product to kill the roaches. The advertisement said that the roach spray would be effective for at least one month. Mr. Winters and his class kept data on the roaches in the classroom after spraying. Based on the results, what could Mr. Winters infer about the roach spray?

• The spray worked just like the advertisement said it would.

• The spray did not kill any roaches.

• The spray worked, but only for about 10 days.

• The spray kept the roach population down for 21 days.

Hypotheses may be generated from any of the following EXCEPT

• research

• prior knowledge

• logical inferences

• researcher opinion

To safely observe the odor of a chemical in a test tube, you should

• slowly move the test tube under your nose and sniff

• pour some into a shallow dish and then inhale the odor

• waft the vapors from the tube toward your nose with your hand

• move the test tube under a fume hood and smell the air under the hood