Galaxies, Stars, and the Solar system

Felix examined several photos of stars. To compare their temperatures, he looked at the colors of the stars. He organized the photos in order from coolest to hottest. Which of these answers shows the correct order?

• red, yellow, white, blue

• white, blue, yellow, red

• yellow, white, blue, red

• blue, yellow, white, red

Two stars have the same apparent magnitude as seen from Earth’s surface. Star A is 33 light-years away. Star B is 346 light-years away. Which of the following claims is supported by the evidence?

• Star B is larger than star A

• Star B is more luminous than star A

• The stars have the same absolute magnitude

• Star A has a smaller absolute magnitude

The sun produces large amounts of energy. By what process does the sun produce energy?

• radiation

• convection

• nuclear fusion

• electromagnetic radiation

The sun is much larger than the moon. However, as viewed from Earth, the sun and moon appear to be the same size. Which reasoning explains why the sun and moon appear to be the same size when viewed from Earth?

• The moon is much hotter than the sun

• The moon is much denser than the sun

• The moon is much brighter than the sun

• The moon is much closer to Earth than the sun

Which of the following pairs of terms directly relates to the actual brightness of a star?

• absolute magnitude and luminosity

• apparent magnitude and luminosity

• size and luminosity

• absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude

Which one of these claims can be made based on evidence in the graph?

• Red super giants have higher temperatures than main sequence stars.

• Blue giants have higher temperatures than white dwarfs.

• Blue giants have higher temperatures than red super giants.

• Main sequence stars have higher temperatures than white dwarfs.

The sun is made up of six different layers. Three of these layers make up the interior of the sun. The remaining three layers make up the sun’s atmosphere. Which is the innermost layer of the sun?

• chromosphere

• convection zone

• Core

• Corona

Luis is comparing two stars in the Milky Way galaxy. How can Luis tell which star has the greater temperature?

• brightness

• apparent magnitude

• color

• absolute magnitude

In which layer of the sun does convection occur?

• core

• chromosphere

• convection zone

• photosphere

In which layer of the sun does nuclear fusion take place?

• Core

• Radiative zone

• Chromosphere

• Corona