Ch. 11, 12, 13, 14 Test Review

Which of the following causes the greatest amount of ocean pollution?

• pollutants carried into the oceans by rivers

• sewage sludge dumped directly into the ocean

• oil spills from tankers and offshore oil rigs

• ships dumping garbage into the ocean

Most large cities get water for households and industries from

• deep wells

• rivers and lakes

• pumps connected to springs.

• removing salt from seawater.

An inexpensive solution to providing more fresh water is

• desalination.

• drilling more wells into aquifers.

• water conservation.

• building more dams.

Sewage sludge

• is the solid matter that clogs storm drains

• is the small amount of residue left after water is treated and released into rivers.

• is not hazardous.

• is inexpensive to dispose of for cities and towns.

Some communities have banned detergents containing high levels of phosphates because

• phosphates cause chemical reactions that raise the temperature of river and lake water, disrupting ecosystems.

• phosphates are not efficient cleansers.

• excessive phosphates in lakes may begin a process that causes fish to suffocate and die.

• phosphates kill algae and disrupt normal food webs in lakes.

Which of the following might occur as a result of plastic trash accumulating in the ocean?

• Turtles mistake clear plastic bags for jellyfish and die of intestinal blockage.

• Sea birds are strangled by plastic six-pack rings

• Sea mammals such as seals become entangled in clear plastic fishing lines and drown.

• all of the above

Which of the following is most likely to cause conflict between two countries that share a river?

• The “upstream” country drills a large number of new water wells.

• The “upstream” country builds a series of new dams.

• The “downstream” country uses an increasing amount of water for irrigation.

• New industries dump pollutants into the river near the delta where the river empties into the ocean.

Which of the following does not make up part of Earth’s surface water?

• wetlands

• aquifers

• rivers

• lakes

Which of the following would be the best way for a desert farmer to reduce water loss from evaporation and seepage and thus conserve water?

• dig deeper wells

• recycle cooling water and wastewater

• install low-flow toilets

• install a drip irrigation system

Industrial water use includes which of the following activities?

• irrigation

• power generation

• drinking

• car washing