Unit 4 AP Biology

What are the three parts of signal transduction pathway?

• reception, transduction, response

• confirmation, transduction, transcription

• reception, amplification, transcription

• confirmation, amplification, response

Transduction step traditionally amplifies the signal, which of the following are NOT involved with transduction?

• secondary messengers

• protein modification

• phosphorylation cascade

• ligands

Which of the following is NOT a response by the cell from a signal transduction pathway?

• cell growth

• gene expression

• secretion of molecules

• all of the above are responses

Describe what occurs when the ligand binds to the receptor.

• confirmation change in shape of receptor

• phosphorylation of ligand

• ligand passes through the membrane

• receptor binds additional ligands

Describe the impact of a mutation in any domain of the protein components of the transduction signaling pathway.

• receptor unable to bind to ligand

• no changes in transduction due to initial signal transduction from ligand

• alters response of the cell

• amplification of signaling pathway to bind more ligands

Which feedback mechanism involves homeostasis of a particular condition by regulating physiological processes?

• Positive Feedback

• Negative Feedback

Which feedback mechanism involves amplifying responses and processes in biological organisms?

• Positive Feedback

• Negative Feedback

Which of the following is NOT a stage of the cell cycle?

• interphase

• cytokinesis

• mitosis

• apoptosis

Which of the following is the stage where the cell no longer divides?

• G₀

• G₁

• G₂

• S

Which of the following describes the order of the steps in mitosis?

• metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase

• prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

• telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase

• prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase