Honors Protein Synthesis and Mutations

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
• sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
• sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
• sugar, phosphate, protein

In which of the following ways does genetic information typically flow in an organism?

• trait --> proteins --> RNA --> DNA

• RNA --> trait -->protein --> DNA

• DNA --> RNA --> protein --> trait

• DNA --> protein --> trait--> RNA

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

• DNA
• RNA
• Ribosomes
• Amino Acids

What term describes when mRNA is read 3 consecutive letters (bases) at a time and it codes for a single amino acid?

• Codon

• Anticodon

• Polypeptide

• Gene

Which choice below correctly summarizes the base-pairing rules in RNA?

• A-G

  C-T

• A-C

  T-G

• A-U

  C-G

• A-T

  C-G

How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?

• GCUAUA
• CGATAT
• CGAUAU
• GCUTUT

What process is going on in this photo? 

• Transcription 
• Translation 
• Replication 
• All the above 

The main function of tRNA is to...

• carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
• form a portion of ribosomes
• string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
• bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

When using your codon chart, what sequence can you use to find the correct amino acid?

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• Any of these will do

What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution
• Deletion
• Insertion
• Frameshift