Which statement best describes the process of crossing over?

• Pairs of homologous chromatids are divided in half and distributed randomly into new diploid cells.

• Pairs of homologous chromosomes are divided in half and distributed randomly into new haploid cells.

• Homologous chromosomes pair up, and non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material.

• Homologous chromatids pair up, and non-sister chromosomes exchange genetic material.

A student is completing a Punnett square for a trait (P/p) that is autosomal and inherited by the dominant allele. The father does not have it (pp), but the mother does (Pp). If they had two children, a son and a daughter, what would the completed Punnett square look like? Would the son have the trait? Would the daughter have the trait?

• Both children would inherit the trait.

• Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the trait.

• Both children would not inherit the trait.

• One child would inherit the trait and one child would not.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-3

Which cell replicates by meiosis?

• sperm cell

• skin cell

• red blood cell

• heart cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Horses have three basic coat colors: red (or chestnut), bay, and black. All the colors are controlled by the interaction of two genes, Extension (E) and Agouti (A). The following combinations produce bay color: EE/Aa, Ee/Aa, EE/AA, Ee/AA. Only two produce black color: EE/aa, Ea/aa. Other combinations of the alleles of these genes plus mutations of others result in many possible coat colors and patterns in horses. Coat color in horses is an example of which type of inheritance?

• recessive inheritance

• Mendelian inheritance

• dominant inheritance

• polygenic inheritance

This is the original strand of DNA: ATG AAG TTT GGC TAA. Which option would represent a frameshift mutation due to deletion during replication?

• ATG UAA GTT TGG CTA A

• ATG TTT GGC TAA

• ATG AAG TTG GCT AA

• ATG AAG TTT GGC GCA TAA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How are genotypes and phenotypes related?

• Phenotypes determine the genotypes expressed.

• Genotypes determine the phenotypes expressed.

• Both determine differences in genetic makeup.

• Both determine the alleles individuals receive.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Do mutations in body cells contribute to genetic variation?

• Yes, these body cell mutations lead to mutations in the gametes.

• Yes, the mutations can be passed on to offspring and contribute to variation in the population.

• No, the mutations cannot be passed to offspring and only affect the individual.

• No, the causes of body cell mutations are outside the body and cannot alter DNA.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A garden contains 40 flowers, 30 of which are red. What is the frequency of red flowers?

• 0.5

• 1.0

• 0.75

• 0.25

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-3

A tall pea plant results from a dominant tall allele while the short phenotype results from two recessive alleles. What is the frequency of short offspring (pp) when a tall pea plant with one tall allele (Pp) is cross-pollinated with a short pea plant (pp)?

• 0.25

• 0.75

• 1.0

• 0.5

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

In a moth population, 47 are brown, 15 are yellow, and 34 are black. What is the approximate probability of a moth being black? (Round your answer.)

• 49%

• 35%

• 16%

• 2%

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-3