Strong/Weak Evidence

Is the following statement an example of a logical or illogical assumption?

I usually eat oatmeal for breakfast. Today, I ate cereal, and then I got into a car accident. I better stop eating cereal for breakfast.

• logical (reasonable) assumption

• illogical (not reasonable) assumption

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Does the author support the underlined claim with sound reasoning?

Young people nowadays suffer from hearing loss much more often than the generation before them. This is because of the headphones that are always stuck in their ears. Long-term exposure to loud music always leads to early-onset hearing loss.

• Yes, because the writer provides specific and logical evidence that long-term headphone use leads to hearing loss.

• No, because the writer tries to manipulate the emotions of the reader by using extreme language such as “always” and makes it seem like this will happen to all young people.

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Which of the following pieces of evidence could the author have included to strengthen the argument that human activities are the major cause of global warming?

• Some of the changes caused by global warming can be beneficial over the short run, such as a longer growing season in some regions and a longer shipping season on the Great Lakes.

• Global warming over the last 50 years is primarily caused by people burning coal, oil, and gas, which adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, creating a greenhouse effect that warms the climate.

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Which of the following pieces of evidence could the author have included that BEST supports the claim that television negatively influences children?

• A 2017 study shows that kids who watch television are more likely to smoke or vape, perhaps because they see their favorite characters on TV smoking.

• According to the FCC (Federal Communications Commission), the average American child sees 400,000 television commercials each year

• The Kardashians recently revealed that they believe their show provides a wholesome ideal that one could attain to, which has a good impact on their young viewers.

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Which evidence is the MOST credible to support the claim that celebrities should be viewed as role models.

• Many celebrities involve themselves in illegal activities, such as drug use.

• Celebrities do lots of things. They are often photographed, they have a lot of IG followers, and make lots of money.

• After Hurricane Dorian destroyed 2 Bahamian islands in 2019, celebrities Rhianna, Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods, Ludacris & Tyler Perry donated over $3 million to help hurricane victims.

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Which evidence below would be the BEST?

• A research study completed in 2021 by a pharmacist that included the the 100 customers who receive medication every month.

• The personal anecdotes of 10 individuals who have the same health condition.

• A list of five commonly accepted facts.

• A 2019 research study completed by a group of 20 cardiologists that included a total of 10,000 patients with a history of heart issues.

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Which evidence is the MOST credible to support the claim that celebrities should NOT be viewed as role models.

• According to USCrime.com, celebrities such as A$AP Rocky, Vince Vaughn, Amanda Bynes, Blac Chyna & Khloe Kardashian have been arrested and found guilty of various crimes.

• Celebrities are just people like us who happen to be in the public eye. We shouldn’t look up to them just because they are rich or famous.

• While some people feel that celebrities are awful human beings, many do great things. They donate millions of dollars towards good causes, volunteer their time and services, and even mentor at-risk youth.

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Which evidence is the MOST credible to support the claim that vaping is dangerous and vape products should be banned.

• Vape products can be addictive, can harm your lungs, and can cause serious illness, particularly to young people.

• In Sept. 2019, it was confirmed that vape products allow moisture to be breathed into the lungs where mold spores then grow. The spores cause serious lung illness which can lead to illness and death.

• During the first 2 months of 2021, vaping illnesses have been on the rise. In fact, in Augusta, GA alone, Augusta University Health hospital reported that 6 individuals have recently lost their lives from pulmonary illnesses directly related to vaping.

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Which piece of evidence is not relevant (off topic) to the author's claim that watching television can contribute to childhood obesity?

• Exposure to food advertisements can also entice children to make unhealthy food choices.

• Watching television can also take time away from activities like reading and doing homework, which help with a child's performance in school.

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Which piece of evidence below uses ‘extreme’ or ‘loaded’ language to create bias?

• Recent reports show that homework is not necessary after elementary school for student learning.

• In 2018, Dr. Lorraine Hall, a middle school teaching veteran for 34 years declared, “Homework is an important part of the learning cycle. In order to learn, we must practice until we develop mastery.”

• A 2016 study revealed that giving homework has zero impact on student learning. In fact, it is an absolute waste of time for all children.

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