Review on Biases and Prejudices

A __________ is an opinion, prejudgment or attitude about a group or its individual members.

• bias

• discrimination

• prejudice

A __________ is a prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

• bias

• discrimination

• prejudice

____________ refers to a cognitive bias in which individuals with a low level of knowledge in a particular subject mistakenly assess their knowledge or ability as greater than it is.

• Dunning-Kruger Effect

• Confirmation Bias

• Self-Serving Bias

• Curse of Knowledge and Hindsight Bias

___________ happens when you assume that others also know information that you know.

• Dunning-Kruger Effect

• Confirmation Bias

• Self-Serving Bias

• Curse of Knowledge and Hindsight Bias

We generally believe that when we put something in, we should get something out – whether it’s effort, time or money. With that, sometimes we lose… and that’s it – we get nothing in return.

• Self-Serving Bias

• Negativity Bias

• Dunning-Kruger Effect

• Sunk Cost Fallacy

This happens when we attribute successes and positive outcomes to our doing but attribute negative outcomes to other people or contextual factors outside ourselves.

• Dunning-Kruger Effect

• Confirmation Bias

• Self-Serving Bias

• Curse of Knowledge and Hindsight Bias

We have a tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes, particularly if we are in good humor, and to overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes if we are feeling down or have a pessimistic attitude.

• Self-Serving Bias

• Negativity Bias

• Optimism Bias and Pessimism Bias

• Dunning-Kruger Effect

There is ___________ when we favor ideas that confirm our existing beliefs and what we think we know.

• Dunning-Kruger Effect

• Confirmation Bias

• Self-Serving Bias

• Curse of Knowledge and Hindsight Bias

The __________ comes into play when we irrationally weigh the potential for a negative outcome as more important than that of the positive outcome.

• Optimism Bias and Pessimism Bias

• Negativity Bias

• Dunning-Kruger Effect

• Sunk Cost Fallacy

______________ refers to the strengthening of a belief even after it has been challenged.

• Dunning-Kruger Effect

• Negativity Bias

• Backfire Effect

• Confirmation Bias