Artificial Selection Practice Test

Humans often use methods of artificial selection, such as selective breeding, to produce horses with specific traits.

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Which statement best describes how selective breeding helps horse breeders produce the most desirable traits for racing?

• Selective breeding produces horses with a higher rate of survival due to an increase in the genetic diversity of the horse offspring.

• Selective breeding helps breeders control which traits are passed on by producing horse offspring that only have the desired traits.

• Selective breeding uses two horse parents with the desired traits to increase the chances of passing the desired traits on to offspring.

• Selective breeding uses two horse parents with unknown traits to produce offspring with genetic variations and different traits.

​Select the sentence that best identifies a potential negative impact of the selective breeding

• While Thoroughbreds have become faster over the years, they have also grown more fragile, producing a breed of horse with what one writer called "the heart of a locomotive and champagne-glass ankles."

• Because the perfect race horse is both fast and light, breeding has focused on Thoroughbreds with huge muscle concentrations but light bones.

• Yet even the most purposefully applied selective breeding has produced terrible problems for the Thoroughbred breed.

• Horse prices had risen artificially high and selective breeding was used to improve the quality of the horses.

Who is the father of evolution?

• Mendel

• Newton

• Darwin

• Einstein

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What is a goal of selective breeding?

​ I. To increase the value of species to humans

II. To produce species that resist disease

III. To produce species with specific traits

• I and II

• II and III

• I and III

• I, II, and III

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When the weather got drier and only large seeds were left, birds with small beaks died and large-beaked birds survived. Overall, the beak size increased in the bird population. This process is called:

• genetics

• mutations of individuals

• evolution by natural selection

• energy moving through a food chain

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____________

is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits by choosing which animal or plant will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.

• Natural Selection

• Artificial Selection

• Lamarkism

• Sexual Selection

Scientists have developed new techniques for producing organisms with desirable traits. Genetic modification allows scientists to insert genetic material from one organism into another organism. For example, one type of genetically modified corn contains genetic material from a species of bacterium. The genetically modified corn plants produce a specific substance that causes pests to die when they feed on these corn plants.

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​Which statement best describes how genetic modification technology differs from the technique used with teosinte plants thousands of years ago?

• Genetic modification technology is available to more people.

• Genetic modification technology requires a longer time to create a change in a species.

• Genetic modification technology introduces completely new traits into an unrelated organism.

• Genetic modification technology influences which traits are passed from parents to offspring.

The physical appearance or the expression of a trait in an organism is called the_____________

• phenotype

• genotype

• heterozygous

• homozygous

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​An organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele is called

• genotype

• phenotype

• heterozygous

• homozygous

​An organism with two of the same alleles (two dominant or two recessive) is called

• genotype

• phenotype

• heterozygous

• homozygous