Chapter 11- Exploration

The control of most trade between Asia and Europe in the 1400's by Arab and Italian merchants caused

• Disruption in trade of luxury goods brought overland to Europe

• Europeans outside Italy to search for direct access to Asia

• Renaissance curiosity to spark a major religious revival in Europe

• Europeans outside Italy to seek direct access to North Africa

Why did the Portuguese think that they could find an easier way to reach Asia?

• They had alliances with European nations to send out expeditions

• They had a large country and a long tradition of trade of Asian exploration

• They had a large fleet and had defeated Spain in recent sea battles

• They had expert knowledge and advanced navigational technology

Why did Columbus reach the Caribbean islands rather than the East Indies?

• He did not know that he had sailed far off course

• He greatly underestimated the size of Earth

• He was unaware that Earth was a sphere

• He ran out of food and water and landed too soon

How did Portuguese establish footholds and trade in Africa's coasts?

• They explored inland and then established many permanent settlements around the Indian Ocean

• They fought sea battles with the Spanish to control access to the East African trade routes

• They established forts and trading posts on the coast and seized key ports around the Indian Ocean

• They formed commercial alliances with the Arabs who dominated the East African trade network

How did Balboa's search for a direct route to Asia differ from Magellan's voyage?

• Balboa reached the Caribbean; Magellan first saw the Pacific

• Balboa found Cuba; Magellan sought a "northwest passage"

• Balboa crossed Panama; Magellan sailed around the world

• Balboa found the Spice Islands; Magellan was shipwrecked

What strategy did the Portuguese use most successfully in building a trading empire in South and Southeast Asia

• Alliances with other European countries

• Military force against some Asian peoples; diplomatic relations with others

• Invasions deep into Asian lands; then divide and conquer

• An alliance with China to drive out rival Europeans

Which statement summarizes advantages that the Dutch East India Company traders had over Portuguese and Spanish traders?

• The company had helpful agreements with English merchants

• The company was not permitted to raise armies or sign treaties

• The company was closely supervised by the Dutch government

• The company could wage war and govern overseas territories

Why were the results of Columbus's first meeting with Native Americans in the West Indies important?

• It had a sudden, short-term effect on European expansion

• It had serious, far-reaching impact on Native Americans

• It had major but gradual effect on Portuguese colonization

• It had a major but gradual effect on Portuguese colonization

How were the Aztec and Inca empires impacted by Spanish conquistadors and European colonization?

• Conquistadors made peace with the empires, and then Europeans set up colonies

• The Aztec and Incan empires shrank and survived only into the 1700's

• Conquistadors destroyed the empires, and then Europeans built new settlements

• The Aztec and Inca resisted and expelled both conquistadors and European settlers

How did Portugal and other European nations challenge Spanish power?

• Portugal colonized Brazil, and other nations backed privateers and explorers

• France colonized Brazil, and Portugal and others invaded Peru and New Spain

• Netherlands captured the Philippines, and Portugal and others backed privateers

• Portugal attacked Spain's colonies, and other nations aided the Spanish