Phylogeny and cladograms

Finding fossils in an area can help us learn what about that location?

• Which places in the region receive the most sunlight

• The effect of the climate on the formation of the soil

• The kinds of organisms that lived there long ago

Structures our ancestors had but are no longer necessary or useful

• Homologous
• Analogous
• Vestigial

Embryos of chickens, fish and humans look very similar. They all have folds known as gill pouches in the neck region. What may this suggest?

• they all formed in the ocean 
• they all evolved from a common ancestor
• they are all going extinct

  Notice the similarities of a shark and dolphin.  If these similarities developed by  common life experiences and not by common ancestry, which of the following vocabulary words would best describe them?

• a.  Vestigial Organ
•   b.  Embryological Similarities
• c.  Homologous Structures
• d.  Analogous Structures

  The diagram shows an image of a Pterosaur wing, bat wing, and bird wing.  These are all different organisms, but share similar wing structures.  If these structures are similar due to common ancestry, which of the following best describes them?

• a.  Vestigial Organ
• b.  Embryological Similarities
• c.  Homologous Structures
• d.  Analogous Structures

According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?

• crayfish
• grasshopper
• perch
• frog

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Which order of classification is correct?

• family, species, phylum, class, order, genus, kingdom

• Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

• kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species

• species, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus

a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among species is called a

• cladogram

• derived character

• monophyletic group

• phylogeny

A wolf's scientific name is Canis rufus. Which genus does it belong to?

• Canis

• rufus

• wolf

• animal