Biology Keystone Module A1

Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary?

• They have a cell membrane.

• They can change over time.

• They use energy to function.

• They have the ability to reproduce.

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The golgi apparatus is broken down during mitosis and then reformed. Which function would a cell be unable to perform during the time that its Golgi apparatus is broken down?

• copying genetic material to include in the new cell

• forming vesicles to import molecules into the cell

• processing and packaging proteins for the cellular export

• correcting errors in the process of building a new cell

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• Ability to store hereditary information

• Use of organelles to control cell processes

• Use of cellular respiration for energy release

• Ability to move in response to environmental stimuli

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Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement BEST describes how the structure of alveoli allows lungs to function properly?

• They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.

• They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inflation.

• They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.

• They increase the surface areas of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus?

• It assembles nucleic acids from monomers.

• It breaks down old, damaged macromolecules.

• It packages new protein molecules into vesicles.

• It determines which protein molecules to synthesize.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which of the following is essential to proper functioning of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

• O₂

• CO₂

• ATP

• NaCl

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells contain a distinct central organelle, and eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms?

• heat release

• gas exchange

• carbohydrate absorption

• osmotic pressure regulation

In order for medicine X to produce the effects that the researchers observed, it must have entered into which part of the targeted cells?

• nucleus

• ribosome

• golgi apparatus

• rough endoplasmic reticulum

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which structure and function are common to all plants and some protists and distinguish them from all animals?

• chloroplasts that conduct photosynthesis

• mitochondria that conduct photosynthesis

• chloroplasts that conduct cellular respiration

• mitochondria that conduct cellular respiration

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