Thermal Energy & Heat

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be changed from one form to another. This is known as the law of conservation of ____________ :

• mass

• energy

• temperature

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

There are different kinds of electricity: 1.) static electricity - contact between equal amount of protons and electrons (positively and negatively charged subatomic particles). 2.) current electricity - flow of electric charge across an electrical field (created for a purpose it will travel through a medium like an insulated wire). 3.) hydro electricity - water moves turbines which produces mechanical energy which produces electrical energy 4.) solar electricity can generate heat which produces thermal energy or can produce electron movement via materials within a battery.

All of this is an example of:

• transfer of mechanical energy

• transfer of radiation energy

• transfer of chemical energy

• all of the above

• both a and b

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

At which point is potential energy greatest?

• W

• X

• Y

• Z

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

What kind of energy is in a rock at the edge of a cliff?

• Potential
• Kinetic
• Both potential and kinetic energy
• none of the above

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

The temperature of a substance increases as___.

• the substance expands
• the average kinetic energy of its particles increases
• the substance's volume increases
• the substance's mass increases

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Temperature is a measure of the "average kinetic energy" of all the particles in an object.

cold = slow moving;

hot = fast moving;

What does the average kinetic energy of an object's particles tell you?

• how hot the object is

• how cold the object is

• the temperature of the object

• how fast the particles are moving

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Temperature and thermal energy are different from one another. Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles, while thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all of the particles of in a substance. A glass of water can have the same temperature as a lake, but the lake has more thermal energy because it contains many more water molecules.

Refer to the image. Which container of chocolate milk has the greatest thermal energy?

• container A

• container B

• container C

• container D

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The matter that makes up a frozen juice bar is the same whether the juice bar is frozen or has melted. The matter is just in a different form, or state. Remember that the kinetic theory of matter states that the particles that make up matter move around at different speeds. The state of a substance depends on the speed of its particles. Adding energy in the form of heat to a substance may result in a change of state. The added energy may cause the bonds between particles to break. This is what allows the state to change. Adding energy to the form of heat to a chunk of glacier may cause the ice to melt into water. Removing energy in the form of heat form a substance may also result in a change of state.

What happens to the bonds between particles when heat is added?

• the bonds refrain from moving

• the bonds break away and begin moving

• the state of matter goes from a gas to a solid

• the state of matter goes from a liquid to a solid

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What happens when heat is removed from a liquid? (depth of knowledge 2/5)

• the particles evaporate

• the particles speed up

• the temperature decreases

• the temperature increases

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

When you put ice cubes in a pitcher of lemonade, energy is transferred from the warmer lemonade to the colder ice. The thermal energy of the lemonade decrease, and the thermal energy of the ice increases.

Which statement about heat is true?

• heat and temperature are the same property of an object

• heat and thermal energy are the same property of an object

• heat is the energy transferred from an object of high temperature to one of low temperature

• heat measures the average kinetic energy of an object

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4