The Digestive and Excretory System

When he eats, Eli chews his food carefully. As his teeth mash and crush the food, enzymes in his saliva break the food down into smaller molecules. What function is carried out by his saliva?

• It is performing peristalsis.

• It is chemically digesting the food.

• It is mechanically digesting the food.

• It is producing bile to break down fats.

What is the main function of the excretory system?

• To remove waste from the body

• To regulate and control other body systems

• To obtain oxygen and transport it to all tissues

• To break down nutrients into smaller molecules

Which of the following best explains an interaction between the digestive system and the respiratory system?

• To use the energy in food broken down by the digestive system, the body needs oxygen obtained by the respiratory system.

• The main function of the respiratory system is to control, coordinate, and regulate most of the functions of the digestive system.

• Coordination between the respiratory and digestive systems is necessary because the digestive system obtains oxygen needed by the respiratory system.

• The digestive system obtains nutrients from the food that is eaten, and the respiratory system transports the nutrients to the brain where they are needed.

The following organs are part of the human digestive system: large intestine, small intestine, esophagus and stomach.

Which of the following choices arranges the organs in the order in which materials would move through them during digestion?

• Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

• Stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine

• Small intestine, esophagus, stomach, large intestine

• Esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, stomach

Which of the following structures filters wastes from the blood and regulates the amount of water in the body to maintain homeostasis?

• Kidneys

• Bladder

• Ureters

• Stomach

Which of the following correctly pairs the structure and function of the bladder?

• A pair of tubes; waste transport

• A muscular sac; storage of liquid waste

• A network of blood vessels; waste elimination

• A thin tube; filtration of waste from the blood

Which of the following sentences best describes the esophagus?

• It produces bile that helps the digestive system break down fats.

• It is a muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach.

• It releases enzymes into the small intestine that aid in chemical digestion.

• It is a muscular bag that churns food and produces acid and enzymes for chemical digestion.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of the kidney in homeostasis?

• The kidney helps to keep smooth muscle contracting efficiently.

• The kidney filtered wastes, such as sodium, from the blood.

• The kidney stores bile, which breaks down fats in the intestine.

• The kidney works with the endocrine system to help the body react to stimuli that occur outside the body.

Each organ of the digestive system plays an important role in food digestion. What is one role of the liver?

• The liver is responsible for most mechanical digestion that occurs.

• The liver produces bile, which helps break down fats into small droplets.

• The liver transports food through the digestive tract through peristalsis.

• The liver absorbs water from digested material before it moves to the rectum.

Which list correctly describes the order in which liquid waste moves through structures of the excretory system before it exits the body?

• Bladder, urethra, kidneys, ureters

• Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

• Kidneys, ureters, nephrons, urethra

• Kidneys, urethra, glomerulus, ureters