Unit 6 Natural Selection Review

To measure a population’s baseline genetic state, it must have _____________ to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

• mutations

• gene flow

• selection

• random mating

Different species are distinguished by their _____.

• physical appearance

• DNA

• size

• diet

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

How are transitional fossils evidence to support the process of natural selection?

• They show plants and animals that once existed but do not exist now.

• They show that every species of animals developed separately.

• They show intermediate steps in the evolution process.

• They show that most species have not changed over long periods of time.

When Charles Darwin discovered the various finch species on the Galápagos islands, he was surprised to find so many different but related species in such a small geographic area. Which of the following best illustrates the correlation between competitive advantage and an individual’s traits in a particular environment?

• Finches had no natural predators on the island before Darwin’s voyage, allowing them to prosper on the islands.

• Competition between different species for food resources led to resource partitioning of the ecosystem.

• Different islands had very different food resources available, and only individuals that were adapted to eat those food resources survived and reproduced on that island.

• Mating behaviors in finch species ensure that different species of finch will not interbreed with one another.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

How does an individual with a competitive advantage lead to the evolution of an entire species?

• Some individuals are better at competing for resources, and that allows them to survive droughts or other major ecological events, leading to the extinction of certain species and the survival of others.

• Traits that are advantageous help certain individuals reproduce at higher rates, so those traits are more common within the population.

• Those who have traits that help them survive are able to reproduce, and their offspring have those traits, leading to a change in the species over time.

• Individuals that survive due to their competitive advantage are able to expand their range, similar to how the finches radiated out from one common ancestor on the mainland.

How is antigenic drift beneficial for viruses?

• It leads to less mRNA which is easier to copy.

• It makes them unrecognizable to the immune system.

• It changes how genes code for antigens.

• It creates a variety of immune responses in the host organisms.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

What factors caused the correlation between the reduction in skin pigmentation in humans and migration of human populations away from the equator?

• The exposure of human populations to predators only common to the polar regions caused them to adapt by camouflaging better with the environment.

• The exposure of human populations to less UV light required a reduction in melanin to produce more vitamin D for healthier bones.

• The exposure of human populations to new diseases common to the polar regions interferred with melanin production causing lighter skin.

• The exposure of human populations to new sources of food common to the polar regions caused changes in physiology that resulted in the production of less melanin.

Which choice correctly identifies a positive correlation regarding the increase in black peppered moth populations in England during the late 1800s?

• the correlation between air pollution and white moth populations

• the correlation between air pollution and black moth predation

• the correlation between air pollution and white moth predation

• the correlation between black moth populations and predation of black moths

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NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Which statement is accurate about natural selection?

• It is a biological process that prevents species from adapting to significant changes in their environments.

• It is a biological process that causes certain traits to be expressed less with each subsequent generation.

• It is a biological process that leads a population to have a widespread expression of an advantageous trait.

• It is a biological process that allows a population to have a competitive advantage in many environments.

A paleontologist finds a fossil of an animal with sharp, pointed teeth. It would make sense to think that this animal eats ___.

• mostly microscopic animals like plankton

• mostly meat from other animals

• mostly soft plant material

• mostly hard, tough plant material

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4