AP European History

The passage above most clearly shows the influence of which of the following trends in fifteenth-century Europe?

• The development of natural philosophy based on inductive and deductive reasoning

• The revival of classical learning and the development of Northern humanism

• The continued reliance on traditional supernatural explanations of the world

• The development of Baroque dramatic forms to enhance the stature of elites

Celtis’ discussion of Italian influence in the German lands is most similar to which of the following?

• Machiavelli’s criticism of Italian political systems in The Prince.

• Galileo’s science-based inquiries that threatened the authority of Catholic world views.

• Erasmus’ arguments in favor of religious toleration and criticizing traditional superstitions.

• Martin Luther’s criticisms of the Catholic Church in his Ninety-five Theses.

The political condition of Germany described in the passage did not change until

• 1789

• 1815

• 1871

• 1945

Which of the following groups in the nineteenth century would most likely have agreed with the sentiments in the passage?

• Industrial capitalists

• Radical anarchists

• Romantic nationalists

• Utopian socialists

The conflict that Herberle describes in his chronicle resulted in which of the following?

• The establishment of several religiously pluralistic and tolerant states within the German-speaking regions

• The weakening of the Holy Roman Empire and the strengthening of smaller sovereign states within its boundaries

• The virtual extinction of all Christian denominations except Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism within the German-speaking regions

• The political unification of most of the German-speaking regions under a Protestant, rather than a Catholic monarch

Based on the passage, which of the following can be safely inferred about Herberle’s religious affiliation?

• He was a member of a Lutheran church.

• He was a member of a Calvinist church.

• He was not a member of any established church.

• He was not Roman Catholic.

A historian could best use Herberle’s discussion of the comet as evidence for which of the following features of early modern intellectual life?

• The diffusion of new scientific knowledge in the general population of Europe

• The continued popularity of astrology among members of the elite

• The persistence of a traditional view of the world as governed by supernatural forces

• The growing tension between religious and scientific explanations of natural phenomena

The ability of someone of Herberle’s social status in seventeenth-century Germany to read and write was most likely the result of which of the following?

• The diffusion of Renaissance humanist ideas to areas outside Italy

• The Protestant Reformation’s emphasis on individual study of the Bible

• The establishment of mandatory systems of national education

• The growth of representative forms of government as alternatives to absolutism

Accounts of non-European peoples similar to Cook’s portrayal of the inhabitants of Australia contributed most directly to the development of which of the following?

• Romanticism

• Enlightenment rationalism

• Positivism

• Nationalism

Compared to Cook’s portrayal of the inhabitants of Australia in the late eighteenth century, the predominant European view of non-European peoples in the late nineteenth century had changed in which of the following ways?

• Europeans in the late nineteenth century tended to view less structured and hierarchical societies as more desirable political models.

• Europeans in the late nineteenth century tended to view lack of technological development as evidence of cultural inferiority.

• Europeans in the late nineteenth century tended to view economically undeveloped societies as fairer and more just.

• Europeans in the late nineteenth century tended to view climate as less significant than other factors in determining social development.