Period 2 Review

“Brothers, We tell you that we seek not war, we ask nothing better than to be quiet, and it depends, Brothers, only on you English, to have peace with us.

“We have not yet sold the lands we inhabit, [and] we wish to keep the possession of them. Our elders have been willing to tolerate you, brothers Englishmen, on the seaboard. . . . But we will not cede one single inch of the lands we inhabit beyond what has been decided formerly by our fathers.

“[The governor of French Canada] who is here present has nothing to do with what we say to you; we speak to you of our own accord, and in the name of all our allies. . . . We are entirely free; we are allies of the King of France, from whom we have received the Faith and all sorts of assistance in our necessities; we love that Monarch, and we are strongly attached to his interests.”

Ateawanto, Abenaki Indian leader, speech delivered to a representative of the royal governor of Massachusetts at a treaty conference between the Abenaki of present-day Maine, the Iroquois Indians of present-day New York, the French, and the English, 1752

Which of the following groups would have most opposed the goals of the speech?

• British settlers

• French fur traders

• The king of France

• religious missionaries

“Brothers, We tell you that we seek not war, we ask nothing better than to be quiet, and it depends, Brothers, only on you English, to have peace with us.

“We have not yet sold the lands we inhabit, [and] we wish to keep the possession of them. Our elders have been willing to tolerate you, brothers Englishmen, on the seaboard. . . . But we will not cede one single inch of the lands we inhabit beyond what has been decided formerly by our fathers.

“[The governor of French Canada] who is here present has nothing to do with what we say to you; we speak to you of our own accord, and in the name of all our allies. . . . We are entirely free; we are allies of the King of France, from whom we have received the Faith and all sorts of assistance in our necessities; we love that Monarch, and we are strongly attached to his interests.”

Ateawanto, Abenaki Indian leader, speech delivered to a representative of the royal governor of Massachusetts at a treaty conference between the Abenaki of present-day Maine, the Iroquois Indians of present-day New York, the French, and the English, 1752

Which of the following was a main purpose of Ateawanto in his speech?

• To establish commerce between his people and the English

• To form an alliance between his people and the French

• To seek his people’s freedom from French oppression

• To protect his people’s land from English colonizers

“Brothers, We tell you that we seek not war, we ask nothing better than to be quiet, and it depends, Brothers, only on you English, to have peace with us.

“We have not yet sold the lands we inhabit, [and] we wish to keep the possession of them. Our elders have been willing to tolerate you, brothers Englishmen, on the seaboard. . . . But we will not cede one single inch of the lands we inhabit beyond what has been decided formerly by our fathers.

“[The governor of French Canada] who is here present has nothing to do with what we say to you; we speak to you of our own accord, and in the name of all our allies. . . . We are entirely free; we are allies of the King of France, from whom we have received the Faith and all sorts of assistance in our necessities; we love that Monarch, and we are strongly attached to his interests.”

Ateawanto, Abenaki Indian leader, speech delivered to a representative of the royal governor of Massachusetts at a treaty conference between the Abenaki of present-day Maine, the Iroquois Indians of present-day New York, the French, and the English, 1752

The speech in the excerpt was delivered in which of the following historical situations during the mid-1700s?

• The use of Native American laborers in plantation agriculture

• The attempts by French settlers to acquire Native American land

• Competition between European empires for Native American allies

• The founding of the first British colonies in Native American territory

The table most directly suggests which of the following developments by 1749 ?

• Native Americans refused to purchase British goods in order to achieve self-sufficiency.

• Plantation owners began to rely on indentured servants to produce valuable cash crops.

• Colonists became increasingly vulnerable to the transmission of epidemic diseases such as smallpox.

• The British established increasingly extensive trade networks to provide goods to its colonies.

The trend depicted in the table most directly contributed to which of the following developments in British North America?

• Disagreement over the enforcement of mercantilist restrictions

• Debates regarding the enactment of religious toleration in some colonies

• Discussions about whether colonists believed themselves to be British subjects

• Conflict over whether to allow slavery in the northern colonies

Which of the following describes a trend in exports from England to British North America between 1699 and 1749 indicated in the table?

• British colonists began to export manufactured goods to compete with England.

• England exported more leather to British North America in 1749 than in 1699.

• Demand in the colonies for manufactured goods from England greatly increased.

• France increased its imports from the colonies in order to undermine English influence.

“I . . . longed to see and hear him, and wished he would come this way. And I soon heard he was [to] come to New York and [New Jersey] and great multitudes [began] flocking after him under great concern for their souls which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him. . . .

“Then one morning all of a sudden, about 8 or 9 o'clock there came a messenger and said Mr. Whitefield . . . is to preach at Middletown this morning. . . . I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool that I had in my hand and ran home and . . . bade my wife get ready quick to go and hear Mr. Whitefield preach at Middletown, and [ran] to my pasture for my horse with all my might, fearing that I should be too late to hear him.

“. . . . When we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4,000 . . . people assembled together. . . .

“When I saw Mr. Whitefield . . . he looked almost angelical . . . and my hearing how God was with him everywhere as he came along it solemnized my mind, and put me into a trembling fear before he began to preach . . . and my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me. . . .”

Nathan Cole, farmer, describing going to hear Reverend George Whitefield preach in Middletown, Connecticut, 1740

The events described in the excerpt resulted in which of the following developments in the British North American colonies?

• Protestant evangelicalism furthered the Anglicization of the colonies.

• Colonial assemblies attempted to assert more independence from Britain.

• Religious leaders in New England expanded support for the abolitionist movement.

• Britain enacted mercantilist policies to protect its economy from competition.

“I . . . longed to see and hear him, and wished he would come this way. And I soon heard he was [to] come to New York and [New Jersey] and great multitudes [began] flocking after him under great concern for their souls which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him. . . .

“Then one morning all of a sudden, about 8 or 9 o'clock there came a messenger and said Mr. Whitefield . . . is to preach at Middletown this morning. . . . I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool that I had in my hand and ran home and . . . bade my wife get ready quick to go and hear Mr. Whitefield preach at Middletown, and [ran] to my pasture for my horse with all my might, fearing that I should be too late to hear him.

“. . . . When we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4,000 . . . people assembled together. . . .

“When I saw Mr. Whitefield . . . he looked almost angelical . . . and my hearing how God was with him everywhere as he came along it solemnized my mind, and put me into a trembling fear before he began to preach . . . and my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me. . . .”

Nathan Cole, farmer, describing going to hear Reverend George Whitefield preach in Middletown, Connecticut, 1740

The events described in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments?

• The exchange of Enlightenment ideas between Europe and the Americas

• Concerns about political corruption among colonial officials

• The spread of the First Great Awakening from Britain to North America

• Efforts across New England to convert Native Americans

“I . . . longed to see and hear him, and wished he would come this way. And I soon heard he was [to] come to New York and [New Jersey] and great multitudes [began] flocking after him under great concern for their souls which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him. . . .

“Then one morning all of a sudden, about 8 or 9 o'clock there came a messenger and said Mr. Whitefield . . . is to preach at Middletown this morning. . . . I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool that I had in my hand and ran home and . . . bade my wife get ready quick to go and hear Mr. Whitefield preach at Middletown, and [ran] to my pasture for my horse with all my might, fearing that I should be too late to hear him.

“. . . . When we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4,000 . . . people assembled together. . . .

“When I saw Mr. Whitefield . . . he looked almost angelical . . . and my hearing how God was with him everywhere as he came along it solemnized my mind, and put me into a trembling fear before he began to preach . . . and my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me. . . .”

Nathan Cole, farmer, describing going to hear Reverend George Whitefield preach in Middletown, Connecticut, 1740

Which of the following most directly contributed to the ideas described in the excerpt?

• The increasing social mobility of colonists encouraged the promotion of religious revivals emphasizing hierarchy and authority.

• The widespread production of cash crops contributed to increasing prosperity throughout the colonies.

• The large number of enslaved people in the colonies expanded the influence of non-European cultural traditions.

• The British colonies became part of a trans-Atlantic print culture that facilitated the spread of European ideas.

“The existence of [colonial] subregions leads us to another question: whether the Middle Colonies in fact represented a coherent region at all. . . . In important respects, the Middle Colonies can be divided into separate societies focused around the cities of New York and Philadelphia. Thus the economies of [New York] and northern New Jersey were tied closely to that of New York City, while those of southern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and northern Delaware were linked to Philadelphia. Those areas grew at very different rates, and they possessed quite distinct characteristics. . . .

“Nonetheless, the Middle Colonies did share a number of things. One was their geography, a combination of climate and topography and setting, which determined some of the ways the land could be put to use, its accessibility to both intra-regional and international commerce, and its strategic importance in imperial competition. It was a region organized around extensive inland waterways, which gave merchants an almost unparalleled access to the American interior, building upon trade routes that pre-dated European settlement. . . .

“Perhaps the most important argument for the coherence of the mid-Atlantic as a region is the extent to which those colonies shared a common history. . . .

“The most often-noted characteristic of the region was the diversity of its peoples. . . . The society of the Middle Colonies surely was ‘America’s first plural society.’ . . . There were two principal sources of the growing diversity of the European settlements. One was historical: New York, New Jersey, and Delaware were all conquered colonies, with Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, and many other populations already resident at the time of English conquest. The other was the consolidation that occurred as the colonies of six European nations along the Atlantic coast in the early seventeenth century were reduced to two by century’s end, those of [Protestant] England and those of [Catholic] France. The result was that [diverse] European Protestants heading for the New World were concentrated within English colonies, a situation that virtually mandated some form of toleration. . . . Toleration and pluralism, it turns out, were not based solely on enlightened benevolence.”

Ned C. Landsman, historian, Crossroads of Empire: The Middle Colonies in British North America, published in 2010

Which of the following best describes Landsman’s argument in the last paragraph of the excerpt?

• English conquests in the Middle Colonies were harsher than the conquests of other European empires in the Americas.

• Toleration of religious diversity in the Middle Colonies was made a necessity because of patterns of migration.

• The spread of Enlightenment values was the main reason that pluralism developed in the Middle Colonies.

• The French colonies in North America and the Middle Colonies had very similar settler populations.