Development and Differentiation

What is cell differentiation?

• Process by which cells produce more cells
• Process by which cells become specialized
• Process by which cells become unspecialized
• Process by which cells die

What is one goal of cellular differentiation/specialization?

• To create specialized cells to help organism maintain homeostasis.
• To many cells.
• To make stem cells
• to make single celled organisms

Which of the following cells is UNdifferentiated or UNspecialized?

• cardiac muscle cell
• nerve cell
• liver cell
• stem cell

What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?

• Embryonic can differentiate into more cell types than adult
• Adult only turn into blood, while embryonic turn into many things.
• Adult can differentiate into more cell types than embryonic
• Adult grow bigger than embryonic

What does "multipotent" mean?

• able to divide and make one kind of cell
• able to divide and make all different types of cells
• able to divide and make multiple (but not all) types of cells 
• cannot divide

What does "pluripotent" mean?

• able to divide and make all different types of cells
• not able to divide
• can only divide and make one cell type 
• if it divides, it will make a cancerous tumor

Scientists can reprogram skin cells to act like stem cells.  True or False? 

• True 
• False 

What process best explains how muscle cells and nerve cells can develop from the same fertilized egg?

• genetic engineering
• survival of the fittest
• differentiation
• selective breeding

Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

• Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 
• Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 
• Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 
• A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 

What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?

• Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells
• Adult stem cells are pluripotent, just like embryonic stem cells
• Adult stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than embryonic stem cells
• Adult stem cells grow bigger than embryonic stem cells