Biology STAAR Learning Luau RC1

Students use a microscope to look for structures present in four different cells. The students placed an X for each structure that was viewed for each cell on the table shown.

Which cell that was viewed is most likely a prokaryote?

• Cell W

• Cell X

• Cell Y

• Cell Z

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

The karyotype, or chromosomal profile, for humans is shown. A karyotype can be used to investigate genetic disorders.

The chemical colchicine is used in the production of karyotypes. Colchicine prevents spindle fibers from forming during the cell cycle.

What is a result of preventing spindle fibers from forming?

• The cell cycle skips G 0 phase and repeats G 1 phase.

• Mitotic division is skipped, and the cell cycle proceeds to cytokinesis.

• Mitotic division stops in metaphase and cannot proceed to anaphase.

• The cell cycle skips S phase and proceeds to G 2 phase.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells.

Which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes?

• Both transport proteins throughout the structures.

• Both provide energy for activities in the structures.

• Both protect genetic information for the structures.

• Both code for the proteins needed for reproduction of the structures.

A type of cellular transport is shown. Which description best identifies this type of cellular transport?

• Active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

• Facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process.

Which other molecule is a product of this process?

• DNA

• RNA

• Glucose

• ATP

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as —

• a tumor

• an embryo

• a gland

• an organ

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In a study of physical endurance, researchers observed significant increases in the heart rates and breathing rates of participants immediately after they engaged in strenuous exercise.

Which statement best explains the increase in the heart rate and the breathing rate during exercise?

• The water concentration in the blood increases.

• Body cells require increased oxygen as energy is expended.

• Muscle cells increase in temperature and require fluid to reduce the temperature.

• An increase in muscle activity causes increases in glucose levels in red blood cells.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

In 1898 Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of the highly contagious hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock was a microscopic infectious particle. It was discovered that this particle requires a host cell to reproduce.

Which pathogen is most likely responsible for causing hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock?

• A bacterium, because it is contagious

• A fungus, because it infects livestock

• A protist, because it is microscopic

• A virus, because it requires a host cell to reproduce

Which answer choice shows the two steps of DNA replication?

• Step 1 DNA Polymerase matches uracil to thymine and cytosine to guanine.

  Step 2 Two identical DNA double helixes are produced.

• Step 1 DNA Polymerase matches cytosine to thymine and uracil to guanine.

  Step 2 Two separate but complementary single DNA strands are produced.

• Step 1 DNA Polymerase matches adenine to thymine and cytosine to guanine.

  Step 2 Two identical DNA double helixes are produced.

• Step 1 DNA Polymerase matches uracil to thymine and adenine to guanine.

  Step 2 Two separate but complementary single DNA strands are produced.

The diagram shows how specialized body cells can develop. Which of the following best explains why cells that contain the same genetic material do not develop into the same types of cells?

• Because internal or external stimuli can trigger the activation of specific genes in the DNA of cells

• Because random mutations can occur in the DNA of cells during early embryonic development

• Because messenger RNA is converted to transfer RNA when cell differentiation begins

• Because chemical signals that are released during the cell cycle can result in the linking of similar genes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

NGSS.HS-LS3-2