American Government EOC Ohio State Test Review

Researching a civic issue involves determining which sources of information are relevant to the task, identifying the perspective or position of each source, and evaluating the credibility of the sources. Considerations involved with determining the credibility of sources and/or media outlets include: (CHECK ALL)

• the qualifications/reputation of the writer and/or organization

• the circumstances in which the source material was generated

• internal consistency and agreement with other credible sources

• use of supporting evidence and logical conclusions

• evidence of bias or unstated assumptions

Basic principles which help define the government of the United States include: (CHECK ALL)

• Popular Sovereignty

• Limited Government

• Federalism

• Separation of Powers

• Checks and Balances

Anti-Federalists argued: (CHECK ALL)

The Constitution was ratified (or SIGNED) and the Anti-Federalists achieved success with the limitations on government by the adoption of the Bill of Rights.

• against Constitutional ratification

• for supremacy of the state governments

• for the need of a national bill of rights to protect citizens from the powers of the national government

• against the "necessary and proper" and "supremacy" clauses

The Federalists argued: (CHECK ALL)

The Constitution was ratified (or SIGNED) and the Anti-Federalists achieved success with the limitations on government by the adoption of the Bill of Rights.

• for Constitutional ratification

• for the supremacy of the national government

• for more powers to be given to the national government to address weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (e.g., no power to tax and no national executive or judicial branches)

• for the "necessary and proper" and "supremacy" clauses.

The constitutional government in the United States has changed over time as a result of amendments

(CHANGE or ADDITION) to the: (CHECK ALL)

• U.S. Constitution

• Supreme Court Decisions

• Legislation

• Informal Practices

Necessary and Proper Clause:

(CHECK ALL)

• Elastic Clause

• the clause in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution that empowers Congress to make all laws "necessary and proper" for executing its other powers and those of the federal government as a whole.

Supremacy Clause: (CHECK ALL)

• Article VI, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution.

• The clause establishes the Constitution and federal laws as the “supreme Law of the Land,” above state laws.

The Bill of Rights was drafted to:

(CHECK ALL)

• ensure the protection of civil liberties of the people

• place limits on the federal government

The protection of civil liberties and limits on the federal government found in the Bill of Rights include, but are not limited to:

(CHECK ALL)

• freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment: religion, assembly, press, petition, speech

• the right to bear arms

• no unreasonable search and seizure, no warrants without probable cause

• no self-incrimination, protection against double jeopardy

• right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, right to be informed of the charges, the right to confront one's accuser(s), the right to counsel

  no cruel or unusual punishment

  any power not given to the federal government is given to the states or the people.

The constitutional amendments are known collectively as the Reconstruction Amendments extended new constitutional protections to African Americans, though the struggle to fully achieve equality would continue.

The new constitutional protections extended under the Reconstruction Amendments include: (CHECK ALL)

• abolishing slavery

• defining and extending citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.

• prohibiting the states from denying due process and equal protection of the law to all persons

• preventing the denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

• These amendments were originally designed to protect African Americans. However, they did not result in immediate equality. Jim Crow laws were enacted to enforce racial segregation until the mid-20th century.

  Application of these protections have been extended to other groups