Biology EOC STAAR Review

How do viruses reproduce?

• They copy their own genetic material inside a protein coat.
• They kill a cell and reproduce inside it.
• They invade a living cell and use the cell's functions to replicate their genetic material.
• They do not reproduce because they are not technically living things.

Which cell part is present in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?

• cell membrane
• cell wall
• cytoplasm
• nucleus

Which of the following is a possible result of a disruption in the cell cycle?

• cancer
• photosynthesis
• cellular respiration
• protein synthesis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms?

• carbohydrates
• nucleic acids
• proteins
• lipids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

This cell is undergoing mitosis.  What stage of mitosis is shown?

• prophase
• metaphase
• anaphase
• telophase

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The ability to taste a bitter chemical called PTC is a dominant trait in humans.  The Punnett square below shows a cross between two parents who are heterozygous for the ability to taste this chemical.  What is the probability, expressed as a percentage, that these parents will produce an offspring who is homozygous recessive for the tasting trait?

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-3

Which of these substances stores and transmits the information that specifies the traits of an organism?

• DNA
• RNA
• enzymes
  
• carbohydrates

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A strand of DNA with the sequence A-C-T-T-G serves as a template to form a strand of mRNA with the sequence U-G-A-A-C.  During which process would this happen?

• replication
• transcription
• translation
• meiosis

The diagram summarizes two stages in the production of the specialized cells used for sexual reproduction.
What happens in the stage labeled "process 2"?

• The chromosomes cross over.
• Th chromosomes number is reduced by half.
• The chromosomes move to opposite end of the cell.
• Four identical gametes form.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Proteins are formed in the cytoplasm of cell using genetic instructions from DNA, which is located in the cells nucleus.  Which of the following best explains how the genetic information gets to the site of protein synthesis?

• DNA is divided during mitosis, and one strand travels outside the nucleus to bind with RNA and form a protein
• DNA is copied to make mRNA. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes, where the information is used to guide protein synthesis.
• Genetic information travels from DNA in the nucleus along a strand of mRNA that is connected to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
• The genetic code is transferred to ribosomes on tRNA molecules, which can pass through the nuclear membrane.