Particle Arrangement & Motion

Which set of properties best describes a solid?

• Neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

• A definite volume but not a definite shape.

• A definite shape and a definite volume.

• A definite shape but not a definite volume.

Particles in a gas are arranged...

• very closely together in an ordered, regular pattern.

• differently depending on the quantity of the gaseous substance.

• somewhat close together, but they are free to flow.

• very far apart; there is no ordered pattern.

A scuba diver at the surface of the sea takes a deep breath and fills her lungs with 6 liters of air. The pressure in her lungs is 1 atm. She then dives down ten meters, without inhaling or exhaling, until the pressure of the air in her lungs is 2 atm. According to Boyle’s law, what happens to the air in her lungs as she dives down?

• The temperature decreases.

• The temperature increases.

• The volume increases.

• The volume decreases.

A balloon is filled with air at room temperature. It is then dipped into liquid nitrogen at 77 K. The balloon collapses because...

• the molecules inside the balloon slow down.

• the material becomes sticky.

• the pressure on it is increased.

• it develops a hole due to the decreased temperature.

The structure and arrangement of particles and their interactions determine the physical state of a substance at a given temperature and pressure.

Which of the following diagrams depicts the particle arrangement in a liquid?

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• 
• 
• Any of these diagrams could represent a liquid.

A container of an ideal gas is at a constant temperature. Which of the following occurs when the volume of the container is doubled from 1 liter to 2 liters?

• The pressure inside the container is doubled.

• The pressure inside the container becomes zero.

• The pressure inside the container stays the same.

• The pressure inside the container is halved.

Particles in a liquid are arranged...

• very close together in an ordered, regular pattern.

• differently depending on the quantity of the liquid substance.

• somewhat close together, but they are free to flow.

• very far apart; there is no ordered pattern.

Which of the following states of matter contains one or more free electrons which are not bound to any atom or molecule?

• Liquid

• Solid

• Gas

• Plasma

Which of the following causes an increase in the kinetic energy of atoms within an element and an increase in the kinetic energy of molecules or ions within a compound?

• Decreasing the speed of the atoms or molecules.

• Decreasing the number of atoms or molecules present.

• Cooling the element or compound.

• Heating the element or compound.

Since particles in a gas move faster than particles in a liquid or a solid, they have...

• less mass.

• more energy.

• more mass.

• less energy.