Immuno Mission 4 Review

What 2 groups of bacteria does the Gram stain distinguish between?

• gram-positive

• gram-negative

• gram neutral

• gram peptidoglycan

What bacterial cell structure does Gram stain bind to?

• nucleus

• cell wall

• ribosomes

• ER

What are the differences between Gram + and Gram – bacteria?

• Gram + have thick peptidoglycan layer, Gram – have outer membrane and thin peptidoglycan; Gram+ have teichoic acid, Gram – have LPS

• Gram + have thin peptidoglycan layer, Gram – have outer membrane and thick peptidoglycan; Gram+ have techoic acid, Gram – have LPS

What makes up the lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane of Gram – bacteria?

• lipid A

• oligosaccharide-side chain made of sugars

• core polysaccharide

• thick peptidoglycan layer

What is the function of the bacterial cell wall?

• Protects from mechanical damage and osmotic shock

• Binary fission and replication

• promote osmotic shock

What are some of the pathogenic actions of LPS in humans?

• Fever inducer

• Blood vessel dilation

• Blood vessel constrictor

• Phagocytize

What is the total magnification when using a 50x objective lens and 10x optical lens?

• 5000x

• 5x

• 50x

• 500x

What is the average size of a prokaryotic cell?

• 0.1-0.5 um

• 2.0-4.0 um

• 0.5-2.0 um

• <0.5

What units would one use to measure a virus

• nanometers

• micrometers

• millimeters

• angstrom

What do you call a microorganism that can cause disease?

• parasite

• bacterium

• plague

• pathogen