AP Biology Unit 1 Review Questions

Based on the reaction depicted above, which of the following statements is true?

• The reverse of this reaction requires the removal of water from the reaction in order to break down the dimer.

• If water is not added to the reaction, hydrolysis will not occur.

• The reverse of this reaction requires the addition of water in order to build the dimer.

• If water is not added to the reaction, dehydration synthesis will not occur.

In order to develop antibiotics, scientists need to understand how bacteria grow, divide, and spread during an infection. An essential part of bacterial growth is RNA synthesis because RNA must be synthesized before proteins can be assembled. If RNA synthesis is blocked, bacteria will not be able to survive and reproduce.

Which of the following questions will best direct an investigation on how an antibiotic that inhibits RNA synthesis in bacteria can be developed?

• Which chemical compounds block the 3’ end of a growing RNA strand?

• Which chemical compounds add a hydroxyl (-OH) group to the growing RNA strand?

• Which proteins are used to undergo cell division through binary fission?

• Which chemical compounds block the 5’ end of the growing RNA strand?

Which of the following describes the most likely way in which two water molecules will interact?

• A covalent bond will form between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of the other water molecule.

• An ionic bond will form between the oxygens in each water molecule.

• A metallic bond will form between the hydrogens in each water molecule.

• A hydrogen bond will form between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of the other water molecule.

The following table shows the relative percentages of elements in a certain biological molecule.

Which of the following best describes the biological molecule?

• The molecule is a nucleic acid.

• The molecule is a protein.

• The molecule is a phospholipid.

• The molecule is a complex carbohydrate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

What role do the highlighted hydroxyl group (-OH) and hydrogen atom (H) play in the depicted reaction above?

• Through dehydration synthesis, they condense out of the reaction as a water molecule and a covalent bond forms in their place.

• Through hydrolysis, a water molecule is added to those regions of the monomers to produce a covalent bond in the dimer.

• Through dehydration synthesis, a water molecule is added to those regions of the monomers to produce a covalent bond in the dimer.

• Through hydrolysis, they condense out of the reaction as a water molecule and a covalent bond forms in their place.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

A scientist grew Chlorella, a single-celled photosynthetic algae, for 3 weeks in a laboratory culture. The culture medium contained dissolved carbon dioxide and other nutrients.

At the beginning and end of the 3-week period, the scientist measured the rate of synthesis for certain biological molecules. The results are shown in the following graph.

Based on the experimental results, which of the following is most likely true about the Chlorella culture medium?

• The culture medium contained a sufficient level of phosphates, but lacked nitrogen-containing compounds.

• The culture medium contained a sufficient level of nitrogen-containing compounds, but lacked phosphates.

• The culture medium lacked both nitrogen-containing compounds and phosphates.

• The culture medium contained both nitrogen-containing compounds and phosphates.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Most species of shark are strict carnivores. However, bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo) have been observed consuming seagrass within their natural habitat. Like other plants, seagrasses contain cellulose within their cell walls.

Based on the information above, which of the following best supports the claim that bonnethead sharks are capable of hydrolyzing cellulose during digestion?

• Cellulose is consumed as a linear polysaccharide and remains as a linear polysaccharide during digestion.

• Cellulose is consumed as a linear polysaccharide and is converted into branched glucose monosaccharides during digestion.

• Cellulose is consumed as glucose monosaccharides and is converted into a linear polysaccharide and during digestion.

• Cellulose is consumed as a linear polysaccharide and is broken down into glucose monosaccharides during digestion