AP Psych (17-19) 4

Tyler ate a cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant for dinner, and he was awake all night feeling sick. Now, just thinking about eating any fast food makes him feel nauseous, and he is certain that he will never want to eat it again. Tyler’s aversion to fast food can best be explained by

• extinction.

• spontaneous recovery.

• latent learning.

• shaping.

• stimulus generalization.

Which of the following statements describes the Flynn effect?

• IQ scores in the United States were lower in 1999 than in 1989.

• Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the United States were higher in 2003 than in 1993.

• Children who attend Head Start programs show short-term gains in IQ scores.

• There is no statistically significant relationship between IQ scores and creativity.

• People may earn higher scores when they are told the test is a personality assessment rather than an intelligence test.

While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word “exactly.” Zach’s response is an example of

• sensory adaptation.

• bottom-up processing.

• the just-noticeable difference.

• the cocktail party effect.

• the Gestalt principle of closure.

According to research by Fergus I. M. Craik and Endel Tulving on levels of processing, which of the following would most improve the ability to recall the word “umbrella”?

• Deciding whether the word “umbrella” rhymes with the word “banana”.

• Writing the word “umbrella”.

• Deciding whether an umbrella would be useful to pack for a trip.

• Mentally spelling the word “umbrella”.

• Counting the number of syllables in the word “umbrella”.

While shopping in the grocery store, Shelby stopped and was blocking the aisle. Another shopper asked Shelby to step aside so that she could move down the aisle. Shelby moved out of the way to let the shopper pass. Which of the following phenomena accurately describes Shelby’s action?

• Social loafing

• Social impairment

• Social facilitation

• Informed consent

• Compliance

The Big Five personality factors are based in which psychological perspective?

• Trait psychology

• Behaviorism

• Neuropsychology

• Cognitive psychology

• Biopsychology

During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb’s attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to

• retroactive interference.

• proactive interference.

• source amnesia.

• retrieval failure.

• encoding failure.

In Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning paradigm, the dog salivated in response to the food at the outset of the experiment because the food was

• a conditioned stimulus.

• a conditioned response.

• an unconditioned stimulus.

• an unconditioned response.

• a secondary reinforcer.

What type of theorist is most likely to assess people’s personalities by having them draw pictures, in the hope that the drawings will reveal underlying personality characteristics?

• Psychoanalytic

• Behavioral

• Humanistic

• Cognitive

• Social cognitive

Which of the following types of therapy focuses on changing a behavior by changing maladaptive thinking?

• Biological

• Behavioral

• Cognitive

• Psychodynamic

• Humanistic