Biology Bootcamp STAAR 2

Two populations of mice living in the same forest are separated by a large water-filled ditch. After a rainstorm, flooding brings several mice from one population to the other population. When the mice from the first population reproduce with members of the second population, which of the following will likely occur?

• All of the offspring will die as a result of reproductive mutations.

• The offspring will be forced to leave the second population.

• The offspring will be genetically identical to their parent from the first population.

• The offspring in the second population will have greater genetic variety.

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Organisms are classified today using the Linnaean system, and the following table shows the taxonomic classification of two marine organisms living along the Pacific Coast.

Taxonomic classification is important to marine biologists because it provides a way to -

• prove that marine evolution occurs

• discover and name every marine organism on Earth

• designate Latin as the universal language of marine biology

• identify marine organisms and find evolutionary relationships between them

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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

• Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

• Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

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What do viruses have in common with living cells? They both...

• store genetic information

• have chloroplasts

• use glucose for cellular respiration

• have endoplasmic reticulum

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How do viruses reproduce?

• They copy their own genetic material inside a protein coat.
• They kill a cell and reproduce inside it.
• They invade a living cell and use the cell's functions to replicate their genetic material.
• They do not reproduce because they are not technically living things.

The legs of crocodiles and mice have similar bone structures and develop in a similar way.  What type of structures are the leg bones?

• homologous structures
• analogous structures
• fossilized structures
• vestigial structures

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The standardized system for naming organism is known as binomial nomenclature.  What two pieces of information are used to name and identify organisms using this system?

• genus and species
• class and genus
• class and species
• domain and kingdom

The limbs of several organisms are shown in the illustrations below. Scientists sometimes compare the limbs of these organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry.

These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they —

• have the same basic structure
• perform the same function
• are the same size
• are parts of mammals

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The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials.

The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they —

• belong to the same species
• must range great distances to eat
• have very similar skeletal structures
• are descended from a common ancestor

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Which of these statements best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria?

• Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules.
• Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place.
• Oxygen molecules release energy in the form of heat during combustion reactions.
• The energy in the bonds of glucose molecules is transferred to the phosphate bonds in ATP.

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