Macromolecules and enzymes

Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates?

• Both are made up of monosaccharide monomers, but lipids are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic.

• Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates have repeating structural units and lipids do not.

• Both contain carbon and hydrogen, but carbohydrates also contain oxygen and lipid contain nitrogen.

• Both have a carbon backbone, but lipids also have an amino group and carbohydrates have a carboxylic acid group.

Which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acids and enzymes?

• Nucleic acids are used as the building block of proteins, while enzymes are used as the building blocks of phospholipids.

• Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions.

• Nucleic acids inhibit biochemical reactions, while enzymes provide structural support in cells.

• Nucleic acids transmit signals that begin biochemical processes, while enzymes convert carbohydrates into lipids and proteins.

Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?

• The cell would find a different type of protein to catalyze the reaction.

• The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not all.

• The reaction the protein catalyzes would only occur in some places in the cell.

• The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2