ch 7 claywell

It has been said that Florence Nightingale revolutionized nursing. Which example supports this statement?

• She encouraged men to become nurses.

• She encouraged nurses to serve physicians in order to learn from them.

• She instituted changes that affected patient survival rates.

• She organized nursing in America.

Answer explanation

When she learned of the lack of medical and nursing care for British troops during the Crimean War (1853-1856), Nightingale organized a group of 38 nurses to travel to the Crimea in southern Russia. Despite societal opposition, she and her team reached the Crimean battlefields in 1854. They found overcrowding in the hospitals, no medical supplies, and limited space for the sick and injured. Using her own funds, Nightingale obtained supplies, cleaned up the unsanitary conditions, and established laundries to wash linens. At the end of 6 months, Nightingale and her nurses had decreased the death rate from 42% to 2%.

A student is studying the history of nursing. Which statement made by the student would be correct if she had an adequate understanding of America’s first trained nurse?

• “America’s first trained nurse reduced student nurses’ working

  hours.”

• “As America’s first trained nurse, Isabel Hampton Robb promoted licensure exams.”

• “America’s first trained nurse worked to create associate degree programs.”

• “America’s first trained nurse was Linda Richards.”

Answer explanation

Linda Richards is known as America’s first trained nurse. Isabel Hampton Robb reduced student nurse working hours and promoted licensure exams. Mildred Montag worked to create associate degree programs as a shorter route into nursing.

Which is the dominant focus of patient care in the current health care environment?

• To increase cost to increase profit

• To contain rising costs

• To ignore rising costs

• To manage care according to cost

Answer explanation

The dominant focus of patient care in the current health care environment is to contain rising costs. Hospitals, faced with financial difficulties, are merging into large health care systems. Managed care, an insurance-based approach to reducing costs, has invaded patient care in every setting. Nurses are challenged to deliver quality nursing care in an environment that limits consumers’ options.

What is the function of Continuous Quality Improvement?

• To improve staff compliance with training

• To assist staff in building on nursing skills

• To assess patient care, from admission to discharge

• To improve collaboration of staff

Answer explanation

Continuous Quality Improvement involves assessing patient care, beginning with point-of- entry into the health system through discharge or transitional care.

Florence Nightingale contributed to nursing in many different ways. The student nurse has an understanding of the history of nursing when she does which of the following?

• Educates another student about the efforts of Florence

  Nightingale to promote research

• States that Nightingale is responsible for minor contributions

  to the early education of nurses

• Believes that Nightingale was not involved in the theory of

  nursing

• States that Nightingale did not assist in the development of the

  nursing process

Answer explanation

The student shows an understanding of the history of nursing when he or she educates another student on the research efforts of Nightingale. Nightingale is responsible for major contributions to education of nurses, began the development of the nursing process, and served a large role in the development of nursing theory.

A student understands the contributions of Clara Barton when she states, “Clara Barton

• is known as the Lady with the Lamp.”

• fought for women’s rights.”

• is known as the Angel of the Battlefield.”

• was America’s first trained nurse.”

Answer explanation

Clara Barton is known as the Angel of the Battlefield, Lavinia Dock fought for women’s rights, Florence Nightingale is known as the Lady with the Lamp, and Linda Richards was America’s first trained nurse.

Which action by the nurse shows the use of the nursing process?

• The nurse works with the health care team to set outcomes and plan interventions for the patient.

• The same nurse admits the patient and then discharges him the next day.

• The nurse works with the patient to set outcomes and plan

  interventions.

• The nurse sends the provider in for an immediate assessment of the patient.

Answer explanation

In the nursing process, nurses work with patients to set expected outcomes and plan interventions to meet these outcomes.

What is the major social factor that has developed the role of nursing to what it is today?

• Society’s attitude toward the role of women

• Society’s lack of qualified health providers

• Society’s lack of resources to pay for health care

• Society’s lack of education about health care

Answer explanation

Society’s attitude toward the role of women is a major social factor that has developed the role of nursing.

_____ defined nursing as “that care which puts a person in the best possible condition for nature to restore or to preserve health, and to prevent or to cure disease or injury.”

• Barton

• Nightingale

• Breckenridge

• Dix

Answer explanation

This definition is as quoted form Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing, written in 1860.

The nurse responsible for promotion of associate degree programs is:

• Lavinia Dock.

• Mildred Montag.

• Linda Richards.

• Lillian Wald.

Answer explanation

Mildred Montag promoted associate degrees as a way for nurses to enter the field of nursing in a shorter time period. Lavinia Dock fought for women’s rights and the right to vote. Linda Richards, America’s first trained nurse, improved nursing education. Lillian Wald cared for tenement families by establishing a visiting nurse service.