ES The Environment and Human Health CFA/Pre-test

_________ is the study of the harmful effects of substances on organisms.

• Toxicology

• Epidemiology

• Virology

• None of these

The amount of harmful chemical to which a person is exposed is called ________.

• dose.

• immunity.

• vaccination.

• none of these.

___________ is the study of the spread of diseases.

• Epidemiology

• Virology

• Toxicology

• None of these

____________ is an estimate of the risk posed by an action or substance.

• Risk assessment

• Benefit-cost ratio

• Cost analysis

• None of these

A(n) _______________ shows the relative effect of various doses of a drug or chemical on an organism as determined by experiments.

• dose-response curve

• immunization chart

• vaccination record

• none of these

__________ are particles in the air that are small enough to breathe into our lungs and cause irritation.

• Particulates

• Pathogens

• Parasites

• None of these

Pollution causes illnesses in two main ways: They are __________ and ____________ causes.

• Contact, non-contact

• Direct, indirect

• Contact, indirect

• Direct, non-contact

Whether a chemical has toxic effect, depends on ____________.

• dose.

• location.

• type.

• none of these.

There is a(n) _____________, which has no effect on health.

• overdose

• threshold dose

• toxic dose

• lethal dose

Naturally occurring pollutants become _____________ to health when they become ____________ above normal levels in the environment.

• Safe, concentrated

• Hazardous, un-concentrated

• Safe, un-concentrated

• Hazardous, concentrated