topic 5

Antibiotics are substances used to help fight an infection of Streptococcus, a bacterium that causes strep throat. Overuse of these antibiotics can

• prevent future infections by these pathogens

• cause a decrease in the production of enzymes

• allow organic molecules to be synthesized

• select for resistant organisms

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Which branching tree diagram shows that species W and Z are most closely related?

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A farmer wanted to rid his apple trees of a particular leaf-eating insect. He sprayed his trees with an insecticide that killed 98% of the insects. The survival of 2% of this population of insects is most likely due to

• genes obtained from another species

• certain chemicals that stimulated overproduction

• variations that resulted from sexual reproduction

• their ability to produce food from the pesticide

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Evolution of a species could occur as a result of changes in the

• Evolution of a species could occur as a result of changes in the

• base sequences in liver cells

• genes in an egg cell

• number of chromosomes in a fetal bone cell

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Over time, data that support the successful evolution of a species would include observations that describe

• an increase in the genetic changes occurring in body cells

• a decrease in the genetic variety carried in sex cells

• an increase in the proportion of offspring that have favorable characteristics

• a decrease in the proportion of the population that has beneficial traits

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Which statement would most likely be correct, based on the information in the diagram?

• Species C had many variations and lived in a stable, unchanging environment.

• Species D, C, and J are extinct.

• Species F evolved from species D.

• Species J had little variation and lived in a changing environment.

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Potato farmers in Ireland during the mid-1800s all grew the same type of potato. The potato plants were all produced as clones of one another. When a fungus infected the crop, all of the potatoes were destroyed. This occurred because these potato plants

• had little genetic variability

• had increased biodiversity

• were the product of fertilization

• were the result of biotechnology

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Many animals have developed courtship behaviors. Males will often dance, swim, or sing in a particular way to attract a female. Males who are more successful at the courtship behavior will have a greater chance of having more offspring. This behavior is a result of

• natural selection

• genetic engineering

• asexual reproduction

• gene manipulation

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Which occurrence represents an example of evolution?

• Exposure to radiation reduces the rate of mutation in leaf cells.

• A mutation in a liver cell causes a person to produce an enzyme that is less efficient.

• A mutation in a liver cell causes a person to produce an enzyme that is less efficient.

• Some antibiotics are almost useless, because pathogens have developed a resistance to these antibiotics

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Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be

• variations within a species

• extinction of the species

• asexual reproduction

• no change in the genes of an organism

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