an independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory

influenced by the styles and techniques of ancient Greece and Rome

a philosophy that tries to balance religious faith with an emphasis on individual dignity and an interest in nature and human society

a specific area of land

a form of government in which citizens elect representatives to rule for them

a great flowering of culture, based on classical Greek and Roman ideas and art, that began in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and spread throughout Europe

collectively, areas of study that focus on human life and culture, such as history, literature, and ethics

the belief in the importance of an individual’s achievements and dignity

a great Italian author of the Renaissance who wrote The Divine Comedy

an Italian city-state and leading cultural center during the Renaissance