Industrialization and Urbanization in America

Why did Andrew Carnegie go to work at age thirteen when his family first arrived in the United States?

• He was not smart enough to go to school.

• He looked and acted as though he were eighteen.

• The family needed the extra income.

• All thirteen-year-old children worked at this time.

What did the young Carnegie do to get better jobs?

• He learned telegraphy and bookkeeping, and read books.

• He learned foreign languages and wrote books.

• He got a college degree in business.

• He and his friend Tom O'Donnell formed their own company.

What is industrialization?

• the production of goods by machine in factories

• the production of goods by master craftsmen

• the production of goods by hand

• the production of goods by people in their homes

When did the United States enter a period of rapid industrial growth?

• before the Revolutionary War

• after the Revolutionary War

• after World War I

• after the Civil War

How important were railroads to industrial growth?

• not important

• a minor influence

• less important than automobiles

• very important

Why did goods have to be transferred from one train to another in the early days of the railroads?

• The trains broke down a lot.

• The trains traveled very slowly.

• There was no standard gauge for track.

• The engineers went on strike.

Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt?

• the business partner of Andrew Carnegie

• the inventor of oil-drilling machines

• the head of the New York Central railroad system

• a textile mill owner

How did the expansion of the railroads affect the size of markets?

• It had no effect.

• It increased the size of markets.

• It decreased the size of markets.

• It made markets unnecessary.

Which factor did NOT contribute to America's industrial growth?

• abundance of natural resources

• growing population

• child labor laws

• availability of capital

What is stock?

• shares of ownership

• building materials

• a small farm

• a type of road