Science EOY Review

While working on an activity to investigate physical and chemical reactions, a student mixes two clear liquids in a beaker. When the two clear liquids mix, the result is a mixture that contains a clear liquid and an orange solid precipitate.

The student concludes that a chemical reaction has occurred. Which two pieces of evidence best supports her claim?

• The resulting chemical turned a different color than the initial chemicals.

• The resulting chemical changed to a different state of matter.

• The resulting chemical changed size.

• The resulting chemical has changed shapes.

• The resulting chemical changed temperature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

While working on an activity to investigate physical and chemical reactions, a student mixes two clear liquids in a beaker. When the two clear liquids mix, the result is a mixture that contains a clear liquid and an orange solid precipitate.

If the resulting mixture is filtered, separating the orange precipitate from the resulting liquid, what has occurred?

• The resulting mixture changed form.

• A chemical change occurred to the mixture.

• The resulting mixture experienced a physical change.

• A change of state has occurred to the mixture.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Before the 1700s, the white-footed mouse, Permyscus leucopus, lived in the rural woodlands that once covered the area now known as New York City. As the city expanded, mouse populations have remained in these urban areas. Other mouse populations have also continued to live in the rural areas around New York City. Recent studies show that mice from rural populations have longer teeth than mice from urban populations.

Which statement best explains the observation that rural mouse populations have longer teeth than urban mouse populations?

• Food in rural areas requires less chewing, so mice with longer teeth are better suited for rural areas.

• Food in rural areas requires more chewing, so mice with longer teeth are better suited for rural areas.

• Urban mouse populations need much less food than rural mouse populations.

• Urban mouse populations need much more food than rural mouse populations.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

200 million years ago, Earth’s landmasses were connected as a supercontinent called Pangaea. Throughout the history of planet Earth, this land mass has changed.

Which of the following is the most likely reason that the land masses have changed over time?

• Tectonic processes caused the movement of Earth’s plates and seafloor spreading 145 million years ago and continues to move today.

• Large plates of Earth’s surface greatly moved 145 million years ago but do not move in the present day.

• Earth’s plates have moved as far apart as possible, therefore they will not move any more.

• Erosion and weathering over long periods of time have caused these large plates to drift apart.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

200 million years ago, Earth’s landmasses were connected as a supercontinent called Pangaea. Throughout the history of planet Earth, this land mass has changed.

Many scientists claim that the present day continents will continue to drift apart. Which evidence best support their claim? Select three correct answers.

• A volcano erupted approximately 35 years ago at Mount Saint Helens.

• Scientists know that the continents have come together and spread apart at least three times in the Earth’s history and this pattern will continue.

• Areas along the San Andreas fault experience earthquakes on a regular basis.

• Louisiana’s coastline is disappearing at a rate of 75 km2 a year.

• Hurricane Lane hit land in Hawaii on August 22, 2018.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The graph shows how the numbers of different types of organisms have changed throughout different periods in the geologic timescale.

Which statement about the numbers of different types of organisms is not supported by the data in the graph?

• Mass extinction events are followed by periods of an increase in organism diversity.

• Smaller extinction events occur between periods of mass extinctions.

• Organism diversity has been greatest in the last 100 million years.

• The overall amount of organism diversity has decreased over time.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Mason and Clara are geologists who are digging for fossils. As they locate fossils, they map the location of them to help other geologists understand Earth’s history and how life on Earth has changed over time. Mason locates a gastropod and makes the claim, “Gastropods are index fossils”. Clara disagrees with Mason.

Which of the following best supports Clara’s disagreement?

• If a fossil is to be considered an index fossil, the organism must have lived only a short period of time. Since the Gastropod lived a long period of time it is not an index fossil.

• To be an index fossil, the fossil of the organism must be found in many rock layers. Since the Gastropod is not found in every layer, it cannot be an index fossil.

• An index fossil must be found over a wide area of the earth. Since the Gastropod is widely spread, it cannot be an index fossil.

• To be classified an index fossil, the fossil must be unique. Since the Gastropod is not unique, it cannot be an index fossil.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

As trees grow over time, the trees form new cells in circles called annual growth rings. These rings show the amount of wood produced during one growing season or year, as well as the effects of different environmental conditions on the tree. The figure shows the growth rings for two different types of trees growing in the same forest area.

Which statements best explain the similarities and differences seen in the growth rings of these two trees?

• Years with drought or very little precipitation most likely resulted in smaller tree rings.

• Tree species A most likely received more water than tree species B.

• Larger tree rings on one side of tree species B most likely resulted from more room to grow on that side of the tree.

• Environmental conditions in this forest area were the same each year and resulted in consistent growth for both trees.

• Different species of trees grow at the same rates when exposed to the same conditions.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Based on the organism skulls, which organisms share the most recent common ancestor?

• a

• b

• c

• d

• e

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which fossil shows a skull for an organism that is most likely the ancestor for the organisms selected in the previous question?

• a

• b

• c

• d

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2